Author: claimsbot

1. A method of manufacturing capacitive elements for a capacitive device comprising one or more layers, the method comprising:
etching from a first surface to a second surface of at least one layer to form two sections of the layer, such that the sections are movable relative to one another, and such that a wall extending from the first surface to the second surface is formed on each of the two sections, the walls defining a gap therebetween; and
etching to form a plurality of recesses in connection with each wall such that capacitive elements are respectively defined between adjacent recesses, the capacitive elements of one wall being offset from those of the other wall when the sections are stationary with respect to one another.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising providing an insulating layer on the walls formed between the first and the second surfaces.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein providing an insulating layer comprises growing an oxide layer.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising providing conductive material on the walls to form the capacitive elements in the form of a plurality of electrical conductors, which are insulated from the at least one layer by the insulating layer, thereon, such that the gap defined by the walls is maintained.
5. The methods according to claim 4, wherein providing the conductive material includes:
filling the gap between the walls with electrically conductive material; and
etching the electrically conductive material to form the multiple electrical conductors.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein providing the conductive material includes:
filling the gap between the walls with a layer of polymer material;
masking the polymer layer;
etching the polymer layer to form multiple holes therein; and
patterning the conductive material such that the multiple electrical conductors are provided in the holes.
7. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
patterning a plurality of conductive elements on at least one of the first and second surfaces, wherein the conductive elements are positioned to allow connection to the electrical conductors formed on the walls.
8. The method according to claim 7, the method further comprising:
providing a layer of polymer material on at least one of the first and second surfaces; and
etching the polymer layer such that the conductive elements patterned on at least one of the first and second surfaces are at least partially exposed.
9. A capacitive device, comprising:
at least one layer having two sections that are movable relative to one another, wherein a wall extending from a first surface to a second surface of the layer is formed on each of the two sections, the walls defining a gap therebetween;
wherein each section of the layer comprises a plurality of recesses in connection with each wall such that capacitive elements are respectively defined between adjacent recesses, the capacitive elements of one wall being offset from those of the other wall when the two sections are stationary with respect to one another.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A sowing heart for a single-seed drill, the sowing heart comprising:
a seed disc rotatable in one direction (R) of rotation, the seed disc including seed holes in a defined arrangement,
a receiving region for receiving seed into the seed holes and a delivery region for delivery of the seed, and
a cleaning apparatus located between the delivery region and the receiving region, the cleaning apparatus cleaning the seed holes during operation of the sowing heart, wherein the cleaning apparatus is formed as a rotating wheel having at least one projection which meshes with the seed holes.
2. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel can be driven by at least temporary contact with the seed disc.
3. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one projection at least partially punches through the seed holes.
4. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one projection tapers to the outside, the at least one projection having the shape of a circular cone.
5. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein a maximum, cross section of at least one projection is smaller than a minimum, cross section of the seed holes.
6. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one projection has a circular cross section.
7. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one projection is located on the outer circumference of the wheel.
8. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein an axis of rotation of the wheel is located perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the seed disc.
9. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel is located on the side of the seed disc facing away from a suction chamber of the sowing heart.
10. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing heart further comprises a pressing apparatus which forces the wheel onto the surface of the seed disc.
11. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel rolls along the front-end, surface of the seed disc with its outer circumference.
12. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel has a plurality of projections which are spaced apart from one another, wherein the distance of adjacent projections corresponds to the distance of adjacent seed holes.
13. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one projection of the plurality of projections in operation always meshes with one seed hole.
14. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 12, wherein in operation at least temporarily at least two projections mesh with each one seed hole at a time.
15. A single-seed drill comprising:
a sowing heart including:
a seed disc rotatable in one direction (R) of rotation, the seed disc including seed holes in a defined arrangement,
a receiving region for receiving seed into the seed holes and a delivery region for delivery of the seed, and
a cleaning apparatus located between the delivery region and the receiving region, the cleaning apparatus cleaning the seed holes during operation of the sowing heart, wherein the cleaning apparatus is formed as a rotating wheel having at least one projection which meshes with the seed holes.
16. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least one projection is pointed.
17. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 7, wherein said wheel is shaped as a round disc.
18. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 10, wherein said pressing apparatus is spring-loaded.
19. The sowing heart as claimed in claim 12, wherein said plurality of projections are uniformly spaced apart from one another.

1. An ink-jet image forming apparatus, comprising:
a recording medium transferring unit to transfer a recording medium in a first direction;
a printhead to extend substantially parallel with a second direction, the second direction crossing the first direction, on which a nozzle unit is defined, the nozzle unit having nozzles through which ink droplets are ejected onto the recording medium;
a carriage with the printhead mounted thereon;
a carriage transferring unit to reciprocate the carriage in the second direction; and
a controller to synchronize operations of the recording medium transferring unit, the printhead, and the carriage transferring unit, and to print the ink droplets ejected by the nozzles in a desired position of the recording medium so as to disperse an effect of a defective nozzle.
2. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a detecting unit to detect the defective nozzle in the nozzle unit.
3. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a data input unit to receive image data to be printed; and
a printing environmental information unit to store a plurality of printing environmental information corresponding to a printing environment when the image data inputted to the data input unit is printed under a desired printing environment,
wherein the controller regulates a reciprocating range of the carriage according to the printing environmental information stored in the printing environmental information unit and information on the defective nozzle detected by the detecting unit.
4. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the printing environment comprises at least one of a printing density, a resolution, a size of the recording medium, a kind of the recording medium, a temperature, humidity, and consecutive printing information.
5. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein two large and small nozzles are alternatively arranged in the nozzle unit.
6. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carriage transferring unit includes:
a driving unit to reciprocate the carriage; and
a guide unit to guide the carriage.
7. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the driving unit includes a piezoelectric actuator coupled to the carriage, to reciprocate the carriage.
8. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a connection penetrates the carriage, and the guide unit includes a guide shaft inserted into the connection to guide the carriage.
9. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the guide unit includes a guide rail to guide the carriage.
10. The ink-jet image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein two large and small nozzles are alternatively arranged in the nozzle unit.
11. A method of compensating for a defective nozzle in an ink-jet image forming apparatus including a printhead having a nozzle unit of a length at least corresponding to a width of the recording medium, the method comprising:
receiving printing environment information;
detecting the defective nozzle in the nozzle unit; and
reciprocating the printhead in a longitudinal direction according to whether the defective nozzle is detected and based on the printing environment information to disperse an effect of the defective nozzle.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the printing environment information comprises at least one of a printing density, a resolution, a size of the recording medium, a kind of the recording medium, a temperature, humidity, and consecutive printing information.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the reciprocating comprises determining whether the defective nozzle corresponds to an area to be printed.
14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising, if the defective nozzle does not correspond to the area to be printed, normally performing the printing.
15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising synchronizing an operation of transferring the recording medium, an operation of ejecting an ink droplet, and an operation of reciprocating the printhead to print the ink droplets in a desired position of the recording medium.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein two large and small nozzles are alternatively arranged in the nozzle unit.
17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising, if the defective nozzle corresponds to the area to be printed, regulating the reciprocating range of the carriage according to the printing environmental information stored in the printing environmental information portion.
18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising synchronizing transferring the recording medium by a recording medium transferring unit, ejecting an ink droplet by the printhead, and reciprocating the printhead to print the ink droplets in a desired position of the recording medium.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein two large and small nozzles are alternatively arranged in the nozzle unit.
20. An image forming apparatus, through which a recording medium is transferred in a first direction, and in which a printhead, on which nozzles are defined to eject ink droplets toward and along a width of the recording medium, reciprocates in a second direction, the apparatus comprising:
a detecting unit to detect a defective nozzle from among the nozzles; and
a controller to receive printing environmental information and, if the defective nozzle is detected, to control the transferring of the recording medium and the reciprocation of the printhead based on the printing environmental information so as to position at least one non-defective nozzle to make up for the defective nozzle andor to position the defective nozzle so as to disperse an effect of the defective nozzle
21. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a recording medium transferring unit to transfer the recording medium through the apparatus.
22. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a carriage unit to support the reciprocation of the printhead.
23. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the recording medium transferring unit comprises:
a pickup roller to pickup sheets of the recording medium from a stack;
a feeding roller to feed the recording medium through the apparatus; and
a delivering roller to eject the recording medium from the apparatus.
24. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a star wheel to maintain a predetermined distance between the recording medium and the printhead.
25. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a support member disposed under the printhead to maintain a spacing between the nozzles and the recording medium as being approximately 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
26. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the printhead comprises a thermal heater andor a piezoelectric device to eject ink.
27. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the nozzles are arranged in a nozzle unit extending along the length of the printhead, the nozzle unit being organized into nozzle arrays.
28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the nozzle unit comprises a first nozzle array, and a second nozzle array, the first and second nozzle arrays each having a number of first and second different sized nozzles defined therein and which are arranged in parallel to each other.
29. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein each first nozzle of the first nozzle array and each second nozzle of the second nozzle array, and each second nozzle of the first nozzle array and each first nozzle of the second nozzle array are arranged in a one-to-one relationship in parallel with the first direction.
30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein, if the defective nozzle is a nozzle in the first nozzle array, the corresponding nozzle of the second nozzle array compensates for the defective nozzle, and, if a nozzle in the second nozzle array is the defective nozzle, the corresponding nozzle of the first nozzle array compensates for the defective nozzle.
31. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the respective nozzles of the first and second nozzle arrays are displaced in parallel with the first direction.
32. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the respective nozzles of the first and second arrays are staggered.
33. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the nozzle arrays extend along the length of the printhead.
34. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the nozzle arrays each eject ink of various colors or each nozzle array ejects ink of various colors.
35. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the printhead is mounted on the carriage, and wherein a carriage transferring unit reciprocates the carriage in the second direction.
36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the carriage transferring unit comprises:
a piezoelectric actuator to drive the reciprocation of the carriage; and
a guide unit to guide the reciprocation of the carriage.
37. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the detecting unit comprises:
a light emitting sensor to emit light onto the recording medium; and
a light receiving sensor to receive the light reflected from the recording medium.
38. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a printing environmental information unit to store the printing environmental information on printing environments of the apparatus for particular printing operations.
39. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the printing environment information comprises at least one of a printing density, a resolution, a size of a recording medium, a kind of a recording medium, temperature readings, humidity readings, and consecutive printing information.
40. A method of compensating for a defective nozzle of a printhead of an image forming apparatus, comprising:
receiving printing environmental information;
detecting the defective nozzle; and
compensating for the defective nozzle, wherein the compensating comprises:
determining whether a region to be printed corresponds to the defective nozzle;
if the region to be printed does not correspond to the defective nozzle, normally performing a printing operation;
if the region to be printed corresponds to the defective nozzle, reciprocating the printhead according to the printing environmental information to disperse an effect of the defective nozzle and concurrently performing the printing operation.
41. The method according to claim 40, further comprising determining a reciprocating range of the printhead based upon the printing environment information.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A heat-treatment apparatus for quenching a V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating, comprising:
a work table (11) on which said cylinder block (W) is fixedly mounted in a reference position thereon, wherein said work table (11) is fixedly mounted on a base frame (10);
a plurality of induction heating coils (23) each for heating an inner surface of each of a plurality of cylinder bores (wn) of said cylinder block (W); and
a transfer table assembly (13, 18, 21) for supporting said heating coils (23) in a manner such that each of said heating coils (23) is movable in a reciprocating manner in parallel with a longitudinal axis of each of said cylinder bores (Wn) to enter and exit from each of said cylinder bores (Wn) and also movable in a direction in parallel with each of rows of said cylinder bores (Wn) in a reciprocating manner; wherein said transfer table assembly (13, 18, 21) is movably mounted on each of opposite sides of said base frame (10) to sandwich said work table (11) therebetween.
2. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in claim 1, wherein said transfer table assembly (13, 18, 21) is constructed of:
an X table (13) which travels in a direction X in parallel with said rows of said cylinder bores (Wn) along an upper surface of said base frame (10);
a Y table (18) movably mounted on said X table (13), wherein said Y table (18) travels in a direction Y perpendicular to said direction X along said upper surface of said base frame (10); and
a Z table (21) movably mounted on said Y table (18), wherein said Z table (21) supports said induction heating coils (23) to travel in a direction (Z) along an upper inclined surface of said Y table (18), wherein said upper inclined surface of said Y table (18) extends in parallel with said longitudinal axis of each of said cylinder bores (Wn).
3. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
said work table (11) is provided with a reference member (36) for determining a position of each of said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (W) in a coordinate system;
said Y table (18) is provided with a position determining means (31) for determining the coordinates of each of said reference member (36) and said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (W); and
a control means (100) is provided to control in position said transfer table assembly (13, 18, 21) on the basis of said coordinates of each of said reference member (36) and said cylinder bores (Wn) in a manner such that said induction heating coils (23) are capable of entering and exiting from said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (W).
4. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in claim 3, wherein said position determining means (31) is movably mounted on said Y table (18) in a manner such that said position determining means (31) is movable in parallel with a longitudinal axis of each of said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (W) along said upper inclined surface of said Y table (18).
5. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in claim 3 or 4, wherein:
each of said induction heating coils (23) is supported on said Z table (21) so as to be rotatable in a direction (); and
said control means (100) is provided with a control portion (101) for controlling each of said induction heating coils (23) in its rotational motion.
6. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein:
said reference member (36) assumes substantially the same V-type shape as that of said cylinder block (W) in cross section, and is provided with a pair of gauge rings (37) each of which is identical in inner diameter with each of said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (W); and
said position determining means (31) is provided with an inner-diameter measuring head portion (32), and constructed of an inner-diameter measuring instrument for determining a clearance between an inner diameter of said gauge ring (37) and an outer diameter of said inner-diameter measuring head portion (32) of said position determining means (31).
7. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein:
a cooling tank (41) is fixedly mounted on an upper surface of said work table (11) and filled with a cooling liquid in which said cylinder block (W) is immersed, heated by induction heating and quenched by said cooling liquid upon de-energizing of said induction heating coils (23).
8. The heat-treatment apparatus for quenching the V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating as set forth in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein: said cylinder block (W) has said cylinder bores spaced apart from and parallel to each other at predetermined intervals (A); and, a control means (100) for realizing quenching operation of said cylinder block (W) is provided in said apparatus, said quenching operation comprising the steps of:
1) set a master block (M) at a reference position on said work table (11) in a manner such that said master block (M) has each of rows of its cylinder bores (Mn) aligned with said direction X, wherein said master block (M) is substantially identical in shape and dimensions with said cylinder block (W);
2) move said X table (13) and said Y table (18) to a position in which said position determining means (31) mounted on said Y table (18) coincides in center with said reference member (36) mounted on said work table (11), wherein coordinates (Xo, Yo) of said position are measured;
3) move said X table (13) and said Y table (18) to a first position in which said position determining means (31) coincides in center with a first one (M1) of said cylinder bores (Mn) of said master block (M), wherein coordinates (X1, Y1) of said first position are measured;
4) calculate coordinates (X1(n1)A, Y1) of a new position of said X table (13) and said Y table (18) on the basis of said coordinates (X1, Y1) of said first position, in which new position said position determining means (31) coincides in center with an n’th one (Mn) of said cylinder bores of said master block (M), wherein said cylinder bores of said master block (M) are spaced apart from and parallel to each other at predetermined intervals (A);
5) move said X table (13) and said Y table (18) to a p position in which said first cylinder bore (M1) coincides in center with said induction heating coil (23), wherein coordinates (Xp, Yp) of said p position are measured;
6) store all said coordinates defined above in said control means (100);
7) replace said master block (M) with said cylinder block (W) in said reference position on said work table (11);
8) move said X table (13) and said Y table (18) to a position in which each of said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (w) coincides in center with each of said induction heating coils (23), wherein coordinates ((X1(n1)Aan), (Y1bn)) of said position are measured;
9move said X table (13) and said Y table (18) to a position of coordinates ((Xp(n1)Aan), (Ypbn)) in which an inner surface of an n’th one of said cylinder bores (Wn) of said cylinder block (W) is subsequently subjected to an induction heating and a quenching operation, wherein said an and said bn are deviation values deviated from set values;
10) quench both said rows of cylinder bores (wn) of said Y-type cylinder block (W) in the same manner as that described above.
9. A heat-treatment apparatus for tempering a V-type cylinder block (W) by induction heating, comprising:
a work table (51) on which said cylinder block (W) is fixedly mounted in a reference position thereon, wherein said work table (51) is fixedly mounted on a base frame (50);
a plurality of induction heating coils (59) for heating an inner surface of each of a plurality of cylinder bores (wn) of said cylinder block (W); and
a transfer table assembly (53, 55) for supporting said heating coils (59) in a manner such that each of said heating coils (59) is movable in a reciprocating manner in parallel with a longitudinal axis of each of said cylinder bores (Wn) to enter and exit from each of said cylinder bores (Wn); wherein said transfer table assembly (53, 55) is movably mounted on each of opposite sides of said base frame (50) to sandwich said work table (51) therebetween.