Author: claimsbot

I claim:

1. In a rupture disc assembly having a support ring adapted to support a rupturable rupture disc member; said support ring including an aperture, spaced upper and lower surfaces, a continuous side surface and at least one tear-initiation projection, the improvement wherein said support ring includes contiguous cutting means about said, aperture, said cutting means comprising a plurality of arcuately contoured segments having an innermost arc portion and caution of the arcuate segments spaced closer to said inner peripheral wall than the other portions of the arcuate segments.
2. A rupture disc support ring comprising:
a substantially flat support ring having a pair of opposed planar surfaces and a central aperture extending between said surfaces encircled by said ring;
at least one tear-initiation projection for initiating a tear in a reverse buckling disc, said projection extending from said planar support ring inwardly into said aperture and projecting downwardly and below one of said opposed surfaces; and
arcuately contoured cutting means at least partially surrounding said aperture and extending either side of said tear-initiation projection, said cutting means having an innermost segment of the arcuately contoured cutting means abutting said support ring and projecting downwardly from said one of said opposed surfaces.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said support ring includes means to prevent fragmentation of a reverse buckling disc when said disc is ruptured.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said means comprises an inwardly extending tab associated with said support ring.
5. The apparatus of any one of claim 1, wherein said support ring is in combination with a reverse buckling rupture disc, said rupture disc comprising a dome-shaped central member surrounded by a substantially planar annular flange, said rupture disc having a transition radius between said flange and said dome-shaped member.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said support ring includes a transition radius between one of said planar surfaces and the downwardly and inwardly extending tear initiation projection, said transition radius of said support ring being substantially the same as the transition radius of said reverse buckling rupture disc.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said support ring includes a transition diameter between one of said planar surfaces and the downwardly and inwardly extending tear initiation projection, said transition diameter of said support ring being substantially the same as the transition diameter of said reverse buckling rupture disc.
8. The apparatus of claim 4, said apparatus including cooperating first and second holding means for mounting said support ring and said reverse buckling rupture disc, said first and second holding means having a central aperture, and means for retaining said first and second holding means within operative relationship with said support ring and said rupture disc.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein one of said holding means includes an aperture having a configuration corresponding substantially to the aperture configuration of said support ring.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said holding means includes a plurality of support means for supporting said plurality of spaced-apart tear initiation projection of said support ring.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said holding means has a plurality of arcuately contoured sides of said aperture extending between opposed surfaces of said holding means, said arcuately contoured sides corresponding in shape to the arcuately contoured configuration of said cutting means of said support ring.
12. The apparatus of any one of claim 6, wherein at least one of said holding means includes positioning means for positioning said support ring in a predetermined direction between said holding means.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said positioning means comprises a projection extending from one of said holding means, the other of said holding means having a recess adapted to receive said projection, and said support ring having means for receiving said projection and positioning said support ring between said holding means.
14. For use with an upper holding member having a bore and a lower annular surface;
a rupture disc and support member assembly comprising a rupture disc having an annular peripheral section and a domed central section extending downwardly from said upper holding member, and a support member having an annular peripheral section resting on said annular peripheral section of said rupture disk and at least one cutting projection extending downwardly from said peripheral section, in close proximity to said domed section for initiating tear in said domed section, and arcuately contoured cutting edges extending each side of said cutting projection, said cutting edges each including an inner arc section coincidental with said upper holding member when said upper holding member is positioned on an upper surface of said peripheral section of said support member.
15. An assembly as claimed in claim 14, including a plurality of spaced cutting projections.
16. An assembly as claimed in claim 14, including a cord section on an inner periphery at the annular peripheral section of the support member, said cord section forming a hinge member.
17. A bursting disc assembly including a reverse buckling bursting disc comprising:
a lower tubular holding member having a bore and spaced apart annular seating surfaces, an upper surface and a lower surface;
a reverse buckling bursting disc having a peripheral annular section seated on the upper surface of the lower holding member and a domed central section extending down into the bore of the lower holding member;
a support member having a peripheral annular section seated on said annular section of the bursting disc and at least one tear initiating member extending downwardly within said domed portion and in close proximity thereto, and arcuately contoured cutting edges extending on each side of the said tear initiating member;
an upper tubular holding member having a bore and spaced apart annular seating surfaces, an upper surface and a lower surface, the lower surface seated on said peripheral annular section of said support member; and
said contoured cutting edges including innermost arc sections coinciding with the bore of the upper holding member.
18. An assembly as claimed in claim 17, including a plurality of space tear initiating members.
19. An assembly as claimed in claim 17, including a chord section, on an inner periphery of the annular peripheral section of the support member, said chord section forming a hinge member.
20. An assembly as claimed in claim 17, including support formations extending down from said upper holding member to support said tear initiating member or members.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cap for an aerosol container having an actuatable valve, the cap comprising:
a vertically-movable valve actuator; and,
a nozzle projecting laterally from the valve actuator into an acoustic structure having a planar bottom, side, and rear walls, and an arched top wall extending from the rear wall;
wherein the nozzle and the acoustic structure from a tuned acoustic system so that in use the nozzle in combination with the acoustic structure has a second perceived loudness that is enhanced relative to a first perceived loudness of the nozzle alone; and
the cap further comprising a downwardly extending skirt adapted to snap-fit on a top rim of the aerosol container.
2. A cap according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle partially protrudes laterally into the acoustic structure through a slot formed in the rear wall thereof.
3. A cap according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is spaced apart from and parallel to the bottom and side walls of the acoustic structure.
4. A cap according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic structure has a lateral depth of 14 mm, and the nozzle projects laterally into the passive acoustic structure by 7.5 mm.
5. A cap according to claim 1, wherein the valve-actuator, the nozzle, the acoustic structure, and the skirt are formed as an integral moulding in a plastic material.

1. A method, comprising:
detecting a potential for interference between a transmitting subsystem of a terminal and a receiving subsystem of a terminal, wherein the detecting the potential for interference comprises determining a required use of the receiving subsystem; and
buffering transmission by the transmitting subsystem of the terminal so as to lower a duty cycle of the transmitting subsystem, wherein the buffering transmission comprises holding packets for transmission in a secondary buffer located logically prior to a main buffer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the potential for interference comprises determining that the transmitting subsystem has a duty rate in excess of a predetermined threshold.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reporting, by the terminal, only the status of the main buffer when providing a buffer status report to a base station.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting subsystem is a long term evolution communication subsystem.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving subsystem is a global positioning system navigational subsystem.
6. A computer program embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which when executed in hardware performs a process, the process comprising:
detecting a potential for interference between a transmitting subsystem of a terminal and a receiving subsystem of a terminal, wherein the detecting the potential for interference comprises determining a required use of the receiving subsystem; and
buffering transmission by the transmitting subsystem of the terminal so as to lower a duty cycle of the transmitting subsystem, wherein the buffering transmission comprises holding packets for transmission in a secondary buffer located logically prior to a main buffer.
7. The computer program of claim 6, wherein the detecting the potential for interference comprises determining that the transmitting subsystem has a duty rate in excess of a predetermined threshold.
8. The computer program of claim 6, the process further comprising:
reporting only the status of the main buffer when providing a buffer status report to a base station.
9. The computer program of claim 6, wherein the transmitting subsystem is a long term evolution communication subsystem.
10. The computer program of claim 6, wherein the receiving subsystem is a global positioning system navigational subsystem.
11. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one memory including computer program code; and
at least one processor,
wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to
detect a potential for interference between a transmitting subsystem of a terminal and a receiving subsystem of a terminal, wherein the detecting the potential for interference comprises determining a required use of the receiving subsystem; and
buffer transmission by the transmitting subsystem of the terminal so as to lower a duty cycle of the transmitting subsystem, wherein the buffering transmission comprises holding packets for transmission in a secondary buffer located logically prior to a main buffer.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to detect the potential for interference by determining that the transmitting subsystem has a duty rate in excess of a predetermined threshold.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to report only the status of the main buffer when providing a buffer status report to a base station.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transmitting subsystem is a long term evolution communication subsystem.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the receiving subsystem is a global positioning system navigational subsystem.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for energy management, comprising:
receiving parameters from management system components;
optimizing for selected objective functions;
generating an optimal operation schedule for the system components;
optimizing operations of electric vehicles (EVs) for mobile energy storage (MES); and
analyzing economic and environmental impacts.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising modeling of the EVs for optimal planning, operation, and control purposes.
3. The method of claim 1, comprising determining energy balance of the MES as:
\uf74d

mes
,
t
=
(

1
–

\u03a6
mes
)

\ue89e

e

mes
,

t
–
1
+

\u03c4
\ue8a0

(
p

mes
,
t

chg

\ue89e

\u03b7
mes
chg
–
p

mes
,
t

dch
\u03b7
mes
dch
)
+

E

mes
,
t

conn

–

E

mes
,
t

disc
where Emes,tconn and Emes,tdisc represent energy level of EVs connected to and disconnected from the building at time t, respectively.
4. The method of claim 1, comprising determining energy storage level of MES is limited by minimum and maximum available capacities of the MES at each time interval, Emes,t and \u0112mes,t respectively, as follows:
SOCmes\u0112mes,t\u2266emes,t\u2266 SOCmes\u0112mes,t
where \u0112mes,t takes into account physically available connected capacity of EVs to the building and the EV owners’ preferences on available energy at the disconnection time of the EV.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein if EV owners do not provide any specific disconnection time energy level of their vehicles, determining \u0112mes,t of the MES is built based on the rated capacity connected and disconnected EVs’ batteries using the following equation:
\u0112mes,t=(\u0112mes,t-1+\u0112mes,tconn\u2212\u0112mes,tdisc)
Emes,t=(\u0112mes,t-1+\u0112mes,tconn\u2212\u0112mes,tdisc)
where \u0112mes,tconn and \u0112mes,tdisc represent connected and disconnected EV capacities at time t.
6. The method of claim 1, comprising considering chargedischarge constraints of EVs.
7. The method of claim 6, comprising applying constraints to ensure that pmes,tchg and pmes,tdch are less than maximum charging and discharging power of the MES at each time interval:
0\u2266pmes,tchg\u2266umes,tchg Pmes,t
0\u2266pmes,tdch\u2266umes,tdch Pmes,t

where Pmes,t and Pmes,t are calculated as follows:
Pmes,t=( Pmes,t-1+ Pmes,tconn\u2212 Pmes,tdisc).
8. The method of claim 6, comprising determining operational and maintenance costs of the MES with degradation costs and charging and discharging cycles capacity loss of the MES.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the capacity loss is proportional to the number of charging and discharging cycles as follows:
\ue89e
v

ses
,
t

chg

\u2265
u

ses
,
t

chg

–

u

ses
,

t
–
1
chg
\ue89e
v

ses
,
t

dch

\u2265
u

ses
,
t

dch

–

u

ses
,

t
–
1
dch
C

mes
,
t
=
C
mes
dg

\ue89e

1
2

\ue89e

(
v

mes
,
t

chg

+

v

mes
,
t

dch
)
+
C
mes
c

\ue89e
E
_
mes
,
t
+
p

mes
,
t

dch
\u03b7
mes
dch
\ue89e

C

mes
,
t

s
–
p

mes
,
t

chg
\u03b7
mes
chg
\ue89e

C

mes
,
t

d
where Cmesdg represents costs of the MES degradation per cycle to be paid by the \u03bcG operator to EV owners to reimburse their battery degradation due to charge and discharge by the EMS, Cmesc denotes capacity costs to be paid by the \u03bcG operator to EV owners for the hours connecting their vehicles to the building EMS. Cmes,ts and Cmes,td represent the selling and buying energy price of the EV, respectively.
10. The method of claim 1, comprising modeling degradation costs of EV batteries.
11. The method of claim 10, comprising determining
C

mes
,
t
=
C
mes
dg

\ue89e

1
2

\ue89e

(
v

mes
,
t

chg

+

v

mes
,
t

dch
)
+
C
mes
c

\ue89e
E
_
mes
,
t
+
p

mes
,
t

dch
\u03b7
mes
dch
\ue89e

C

mes
,
t

s
–
p

mes
,
t

chg
\u03b7
mes
chg
\ue89e

C

mes
,
t

d
where Cmesdg represents costs of the MES degradation per cycle to be paid by the \u03bcG operator to EV owners to reimburse their battery degradation due to charge and discharge by the EMS, Cmesc denotes capacity costs to be paid by the \u03bcG operator to EV owners for the hours connecting their vehicles to the building EMS.
12. The method of claim 1, comprising modeling contribution of EVs in Spinning Reserve requirements.
13. The method of claim 12, comprising determining:
Pses,tsp and pmes,tsp represent the spinning reserve provided by the SES and MES at time t, respectively, and calculated as follows:
p

ses
,
t

sp

=

min
\ue89e

{
(
e

ses
,
t
–
SOC
_

ses

\ue89e
E
_

ses
)

\u03c4

,
P
_

ses

–

p

ses
,
t

dch
}
p

mes
,
t

sp

=

min
\ue89e

{
(
e

mes
,
t
–
SOC
_

mes

\ue89e
E
_
mes
,
t
)

\u03c4

,
P
_
mes
,
t
–

p

mes
,
t

dch
}
;
and
reformulating constraints as follows:
p

ses
,
t

sp

\u2264
(
e

ses
,
t
–
SOC
_

ses

\ue89e
E
_

ses
)

\u03c4
p

ses
,
t

sp

\u2264
P
_

ses

–

p

ses
,
t

dch
p

mes
,
t

sp

\u2264
(
e

mes
,
t
–
SOC
_

mes

\ue89e
E
_
mes
,
t
)

\u03c4
p

mes
,
t

sp

\u2264
P
_
mes
,
t
–
p

mes
,
t

dch

.
14. The method of claim 1, comprising performing modeling of a grid connection by a microgrid and the grid, wherein a connection between the microgrid and the grid has a maximum power transfer capability limit as follows:
\u2212Pg\u2266pg,t\u2266 Pg.
15. The method of claim 1, comprising considering peak demand charges for grid connection.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein a grid-connected mode, a microgrid participates in ancillary service markets of the grid market using:
psp,t=\u03a3i=1Ni( Piui,t\u2212pi,t)+\u03a3m=1Nm( Pmum,t\u2212pm,t)+\u03a3f=1Nf( Pfuf,t\u2212pf,t)+pmes,tsp+pses,tsp\u22120.1PD,t

where psp,t is the amount of spinning reserve power that the \u03bcG can offer in the ancillary service market.
17. The method of claim 1, comprising formulating Maximization of Daily Profit Objective function.
18. The method of claim 17, comprising modeling daily profit of the microgrid as follows:
min
\ue89e
\ue89e

p
dc

\ue89e

C
g
dc
+
\u2211

t
=
1

T

\ue89e

\u03c4
\ue8a0
–

p

sp
,
t
\ue89e

C

g
,
t

sp
+
p

g
,
t
\ue89e

C

g
,
t

s
+
\u2211

i
=
1
N
l
\ue89e

c

i
,
t
+
\u2211

m
=
1
N
m
\ue89e

c

m
,
t
+
\u2211

f
=
1
N
f
\ue89e

c

f
,
t
+
c
pv
om

+

c

ses
,
t
+

c

mes
,
t
where Cg,tsp, Cg,ts, and Cgdc denote spinning reserve price, energy charges, and demand charges of the grid, respectively.
19. The method of claim 17, comprising minimizing GHG Emissions Objective function.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein minimization of GHG emissions of the microgrid in a grid-connected mode comprises:
min
\ue89e
\u2211

t
=
1

T

\ue89e

\u03c4
\ue89e

\u2003
\u2211

i
=
1
N
i
\ue89e
\u025b
i
GHG

\ue89e
p

i
,
t
\u03b7
i
+
\u025b
m
GHG

\ue89e
p

m
,
t
\u03b7
m
+
\u025b
f
GHG

\ue89e
p

f
,
t
\u03b7
f
+
\ue89e
\u025b

g
,
t

GHG

\ue89e

p

g
,
t
+
(
e

mes
,
T
–

e

mes
,
0
)

\ue89e

\u025b
mes
GHG
where \u03b5g,tGHG denotes marginal GHG emission of the grid at time t.