Author: claimsbot

1. A connector, comprising:
a connector housing made of an insulator, having a first opening;
a first terminal having a first end fixed to the connector housing and a second end connected to an opposite side connector;
a second terminal having a first end electrically connected to a circuit on a substrate and a second end fixed to the connector housing; and
a shield case covering the connector housing, the shield case including a second opening opened in a place matched with the first opening in a state of covering the connector housing,
wherein:
the first end of the first terminal and the second end of the second terminal enter into the first opening;
the first opening is open in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the substrate in a state where the connector is mounted on the substrate, and is formed so as to permit an electronic component being connected to the first end of the first terminal and the second end of the second terminal to enter thereinto; and
the first and second openings permit the electronic component to enter thereinto.
2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein an inner wall of the first opening positions or holds the electronic component.
3. The connector according to claim 1, wherein the first opening permits a capacitor being connected to the first end of the first terminal and the second end of the second terminal to enter thereinto.
4. The connector according to claim 1, wherein the second terminal is mounted on the circuit to be electrically connected to the circuit.
5. The connector according to claim 4, wherein the first end of the second terminal is bended in a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate to be electrically connected to the circuit.
6. The connector according to claim 5, wherein a bended portion of the first end of the second terminal is located higher than a bottom surface of the connector housing to arrange solder between the bended portion and the circuit.
7. A connector, comprising:
a connector housing made of an insulator, having a first opening;
a connection terminal fixed to the connector housing and having one end electrically connected to a circuit on a substrate and the other end connected to an opposite side connector; and
a shield case covering the connector housing and being electrically connected partially to a ground of the circuit, the shield case including a second opening opened in a place matched with the first opening in a state of covering the connector housing;
wherein:
the first opening is open in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the substrate in a state where the connector is mounted on the substrate;
a part of the connection terminal enters into the first opening; and
the first and second openings permit a capacitor being connected to the part of the connection terminal and the shield case to enter thereinto.
8. The connector according to claim 7, wherein the connection terminal is mounted on the circuit to be electrically connected to the circuit.
9. The connector according to claim 8, wherein an end of the connection terminal is bended in a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate to be electrically connected to the circuit.
10. The connector according to claim 9, wherein a bended portion of connection terminal is located higher than a bottom surface of the connector housing to arrange solder between the bended portion and the circuit.
11. A method for mounting a connector on a substrate, comprising:
a housing formation step of forming a connector housing made of an insulator and including a first opening opened in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the substrate in a step of being mounted on the substrate;
a shield case formation step of forming a shield case including a second opening opened in a place matched with the first opening in a state of covering the connector housing;
a terminal fixing step of fixing a connection terminal having one end electrically connected to a circuit of the substrate and the other end connected to an opposite side connector to the connector housing formed in the housing formation step to enter a part of the connection terminal through the first opening;
a mounting preparation step of mounting the connector housing to which the connection terminal has been fixed in the terminal fixing step to bring one end of the second terminal into contact with the circuit, bringing a part of the shield case into contact with a ground of the circuit in a state of covering the connector housing mounted on the substrate with the shield case formed in the shield case formation step, and entering a capacitor from the first opening of the connector housing and the second opening of the shield case; and
a substrate mounting step of electrically connecting one end of the connection terminal brought into contact with the circuit in the mounting preparation step to the circuit, electrically connecting the connected terminal and the shield case to each other via the entered capacitor, and electrically connecting a part of the shield case to the ground of the circuit.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer implemented method for removing flicker in a sequence of images, the method comprising:
reading a sequence of images including a source image and a target image, wherein each image in the sequence of images includes a plurality of pixels and flicker exists in the sequence of images;
defining a plurality of regions of interest in the source image and a plurality of spatially counterpart regions of interest in the target image;
measuring an image quality for all of the pixels in each of the regions of interest in the source image;
measuring an image quality for all of the pixels in each of the spatially counterpart regions of interest in the target image;
generating a corrected source image on a region of interest basis depending on the image quality for the pixels in each of the plurality of regions of interest in the source image and the spatially counterpart regions of interest in the target image; and
storing the corrected source image for output in a corrected sequence of images wherein the flicker existing in the sequence of images is removed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target image is selected from the group consisting of a previous target image that is before the source image in the sequence of images and a next target image that is after the source image in the sequence of images.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the regions of interest in both the source image and the target image is selected from the group consisting of a rectangle, a square, and a triangle.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein each image of the sequence of images is included in one frame of a motion picture.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequence of images is stored on a storage disk.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the images included in the sequence of images are black and white images, color images, or a combination of black and white images and color images.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the image quality is selected from the group consisting of luminance amplitude, contrast, and chrominance amplitude.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
calculating similarity measurements of the image quality for the pixels in each of the plurality of regions of interest in the source image and each of the plurality of spatially counterpart regions of interest in the target image; and
comparing the similarity measurements to a tolerance value, if any of the similarity measurements is greater than or equal to the tolerance value, then:
subdividing both the region of interest in the source image and the spatially counterpart region of interest in the target image for which the similarity measurement is greater than or equal to the tolerance value,
recalculating the similarity measurements for each subdivided region of interest in both the source image and the target image,
comparing the recalculated similarity measurements to the tolerance
value, and continuing to subdivide the regions of interest in both the source image and the target image until the similarity measurements for each region of interest are less than the tolerance value.
9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: selecting a first window within the source image and a spatially counterpart second window within the target image; and calculating motion detection values for both the first window and the second window.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein a shape of the first and second windows is selected from the group consisting of a rectangle, a square, a triangle, an ellipse, and a circle.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the motion detection value is an average value of the image quality for the pixels within a window.
12. The method according to claim 9, further comprising calculating a difference between the motion detection value for the first window and the motion detection value for the second window, wherein:
if the difference between the motion detection values for the first and second windows is less than a tolerance, coordinates of the region of interest within which the first window is located and coordinates of the region of interest within which the second window is located are stored in memory;
otherwise, the regions of interest within which the first and second windows are located are subdivided, the first and second windows are reselected, the motion detection value is recalculated for both the first and second windows, and this process is repeated until the difference between the motion detection values for the first and second windows is less than the tolerance.
13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: calculating a histogram of the image quality for the source image; calculating a histogram of the image quality for each of the plurality of regions of interest in both the source image and the target image after the difference between the motion detection values of the first window and the second window is less than the tolerance; averaging the histogram of each region of interest in the source image and the histogram of each spatially counterpart region of interest in the target image to generate a cumulative histogram for each region of interest in the source image; normalizing the cumulative histogram for each region of interest in the source image by the histogram for the source image; inverse mapping the normalized cumulative histogram for each region of interest in the source image; and generating the corrected source image based on the inverse mapping of the normalized cumulative histogram for each region of interest in the source image.
14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
defining new regions of interest that overlap adjacent regions of interests included in the plurality of regions of interest in both the source and target images;
calculating a histogram of the image quality for each of the new regions of interest in both the source and target images;
averaging the histogram of one new region of interest in the source image and the histogram of a spatially counterpart new region of interest in the target image to generate a cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in both the source and target images;
normalizing the cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in the source image by the histogram for the source image;
inverse mapping the normalized cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in the source image; and
generating the corrected image based on the inverse mapping of the normalized cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in the source image.
15. A computer-implemented method for removing flicker in a sequence of images, the method comprising:
reading a sequence of images including a source image and a target image, wherein each image in the sequence of images includes a plurality of pixels and flicker exists in the sequence of images;
subdividing the source image into a plurality of regions of interest;
subdividing the target image into a plurality of regions of interest having the same shape and location in the target image as the plurality of regions of interest in the source image;
measuring an image quality for all of the pixels included in one of the regions of interest in the source image;
measuring an image quality for all of the pixels included in a spatially counterpart region of interest in the target image; generating a corrected source image based on the measured image quality of the source image and the measured image quality of the target image; and
storing the corrected source image for output in a corrected sequence of images wherein the flicker existing in the sequence of images is removed.
16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
calculating similarity measurements of the image quality for the pixels in each region of interest in the source image and each region of interest in the target image; and
comparing the similarity measurements for each of the regions of interest to a tolerance value, if any of the similarity measurements is greater than or equal to the tolerance value, then:
subdividing the region of interest in the source image and the spatially counterpart region of interest in the target image for which the similarity measurement is greater than or equal to the tolerance value,
recalculating the similarity measurements for each subdivided region of interest in both the source image and the target image,
comparing the recalculated similarity measurements to the tolerance value, and continuing to subdivide the regions of interest in both the source image and the target image until the similarity measurements are less than the tolerance value.
17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: selecting a first window within a region of interest in the source image and a spatially counterpart second window in a region of interest in the target image;
calculating motion detection values within both the first window and the second window; and calculating a difference between the motion detection value of the first window and the motion detection value of the second window, wherein:
if the difference between the motion detection values for the first and second windows is less than a tolerance, the coordinates of the regions of interest in both the source and target images are stored in memory,
otherwise, the regions of interest in the source and target images containing the first and second windows are subdivided, the first and second windows are reselected, the motion detection value is recalculated for both the first and second windows, and this process is repeated until the difference between the motion detection values for the first and second windows is less than the tolerance.
18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
calculating a histogram of the image quality for the source image;
calculating a histogram of the image quality for each of the plurality of regions of interest in both the source image and the target image after the difference between the motion detection values of the first window and the second window is less than the tolerance;
averaging the histogram of one region of interest in the source image and the histogram of a spatially counterpart region of interest in the target image to generate a cumulative histogram;
normalizing the cumulative histogram for the one region of interest in the source image by the histogram for the source image;
inverse mapping the normalized cumulative histogram for the one region of interest in the source image; and
generating the corrected source image based on the inverse mapping of the normalized cumulative histogram for the one region of interest in the source image.
19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
defining new regions of interest that overlap adjacent regions of interests included in the plurality of regions of interest in both the source image and the target image;
calculating a histogram of the image quality for each of the new regions of interest in both the source image and the target image;
averaging the histogram of one new region of interest in the source image and the histogram of a spatially counterpart new region of interest in the target image to generate a cumulative histogram for the new regions of interest in both the source and target images;
normalizing the cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in the source image by the histogram for the source image;
inverse mapping the normalized cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in the source image; and
generating the corrected image based on the inverse mapping of the normalized cumulative histogram for the new region of interest in the source image.
20. An apparatus for removing flicker in a sequence of images, wherein each image in the sequence of images includes a plurality of pixels, the apparatus comprising:
a computer including a data processor and a computer-readable medium holding encoded instructions for:
reading a sequence of images including a source image and a target image, wherein each image in the sequence of images includes a plurality of pixels and flicker exists in the sequence of images;
subdividing the source image into a plurality of regions of interest;
subdividing the target image into a plurality of regions of interest having the same shape and location in the target image as the plurality of regions of interest in the source image;
measuring an image quality for all of the pixels included in one of the regions of interest in the source image;
measuring an image quality for all of the pixels included in a spatially counterpart region of interest in the target image;
generating a corrected source image based on the measured image quality of the source image and the measured image quality of the target image; and
storing the corrected source image for output in a corrected sequence of images wherein the flicker existing in the sequence of images is removed.

1. An optical element, comprising:
a layer of material at least partially transmissive for EUV radiation with a wavelength \u03bb in the range of 5-20 nm, the layer of material including a material selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pa, U, and combinations thereof; and
a top layer of material including a structure having an rms roughness value, wherein transmission through the top layer is at least 30% for EUV radiation with the wavelength \u03bb in the range of 5-20 nm, and the rms roughness value is equal to or larger than \u03bb10 for spatial periods equal to or smaller than \u03bb2, the top layer of material including a material selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Ir, Au, Pa, U, and combinations thereof.
2. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the rms roughness is equal to or smaller than \u03bb for spatial periods larger than \u03bb2 and equal to or smaller than 1 \u03bcm.
3. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the at least partially transmissive layer includes a surface with a structure with an rms roughness value equal to or larger than \u03bb50 and equal to or smaller than 4*\u03bb for spatial periods equal to or smaller than \u03bb2.
4. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the top layer and the structure include Ru.
5. An optical element according claim 1, wherein the optical element includes a minor having a mirror surface, the mirror surface includes a protrusion transmissive for EUV radiation with the wavelength \u03bb in the range of 5-20 nm, and at least part of the mirror surface further includes the top layer including the structure.
6. An optical element according to claim 1, further comprising:
a profile having height differences, thereby providing cavities and elevations having a predetermined maximum height difference; and
a substantially transmissive layer in the cavities and on the elevations of the optical element, wherein the substantially transmissive layer has a planar surface on which the top layer and structure are provided.
7. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the rms roughness value of the top layer is 2 nm or larger for spatial periods equal to or smaller than \u03bb2.
8. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the optical element include’s optical filters, optical gratings, mirrors or lenses.
9. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the optical element includes a mirror with a mirror surface and a tilted multilayer stack which is tilted with respect to the mirror surface.
10. An optical element according to claim 1, wherein the layer of material at least partially transmissive for EUV radiation includes Si.
11. An optical element according to claim 10, wherein the top layer of material includes Ru.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cross connecting device suitable for connecting first and second spinal fixation devices, the cross connecting device comprising:
a fixable pivot junction, the pivot junction comprising a collar and a pivotable joint that is pivotable about a pivot point, the collar being configured for fixating the pivot junction;
first and second connection members connected by the fixable pivot junction such that the fixable pivot junction allows the first and second connection members to be repositioned relative to each other; and
first and second clamps connected to respective ones of the first and second connection members at distal ends of the connection members relative to the fixable pivot junction.
2. The cross connecting device of claim 1, wherein the collar is slidable between an unlocking position and a locking position.
3. The cross connecting device of claim 2, wherein the locking position is closer to a pivot point of the pivotable joint than the unlocking position.
4. The cross connecting device of claim 2, wherein the pivotable joint comprises a tapered interface and a split pivot element.
5. The cross connecting device of claim 4, wherein the tapered interface is connected to the first connection member.
6. The cross connecting device of claim 4, wherein the tapered interface is configured for applying a compressive load to the split pivot element and the second connection member while the slidable collar is in the locking position.
7. The cross connecting device of claim 4, wherein the tapered interface comprises plurality of slits surrounding the split pivot element.
8. The cross connecting device of claim 2, wherein the collar further comprises one or more tabs for preventing the movement of the collar from the locking position to the unlocking position.
9. The cross connecting device of claim 1, wherein the first and second clamps are configured to be connected to respective ones of the first and second spinal fixation devices.
10. The cross connecting device of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second clamps includes a respective locking member that can be adjusted to tighten the respective clamp onto the respective spinal fixation device.
11. The cross connecting device of claim 10, wherein the clamps each include a socket for receiving a respective one of the set screws, where the socket includes a top hole and a bottom hole, the bottom hole being misaligned with the top hole.
12. The cross connecting device of claim 11, wherein each of the set screws includes a tapered end, wherein the tapered end of the set screw can pass through the misaligned bottom hole as the set screw is driven into the socket, thereby urging the misaligned bottom hole to align with the top hole as the set screw is driven into the socket.
13. The cross connecting device of claim 11, wherein the clamp tightens onto the respective spinal fixation device as the misaligned bottom hole is aligned with the top hole by the set screw.
14. The cross connecting device of claim 1, wherein the clamps each include an outer housing and an inner housing.
15. The cross connecting device of claim 14, wherein the outer housing and the inner housing are rotationally or angularly adjustable relative to each other.
16. The cross connecting device of claim 15, wherein the outer housing and the inner housing are rotationally and angularly adjustable relative to each other along at least two degrees of freedom.
17. The cross connecting device of claim 14, wherein the outer housing includes channel that allows for expansion and compression of the outer housing.
18. The cross connecting device of claim 17, wherein the channel includes a transverse channel region.
19. The cross connecting device of claim 14, wherein the inner housing includes an channel that allows for expansion and compression of the inner housing.
20. The cross connecting device of claim 1, wherein the fixable pivot junction allows the first and second connection members to be translationally, rotationally, and angularly repositioned relative to each other.
21. A fixable pivot junction for connecting first and second connection members of a cross connecting device, the cross connecting device being suitable for connecting first and second spinal fixation devices, the fixable pivot junction comprising:
a collar slidable between an unlocking position and a locking position; and
a pivotable joint that is pivotable about a pivot point, the collar being configured for fixating the pivot junction while the collar is in the locking position,
wherein the pivotable joint comprises:
a tapered interface connected to the first connection member; and
a split pivot element being configured for receiving the second connection member.
22. The fixable pivot junction of claim 21, wherein the locking position is closer to a pivot point of the pivotable joint than the unlocking position.
23. The fixable pivot junction of claim 21, wherein the tapered interface is configured for applying a compressive load to the split pivot element and the second connection member while the slidable collar is in the locking position.
24. The fixable pivot junction of claim 21, wherein the tapered interface comprises plurality of slits surrounding the split pivot element.
25. The fixable pivot junction of claim 21, wherein the collar further comprises one or more tabs for preventing the movement of the collar from the locking position to the unlocking position.
26. The fixable pivot junction of claim 21, wherein the fixable pivot junction allows the first and second connection members to be translationally, rotationally, and angularly repositioned relative to each other.