Author: claimsbot

1.-4. (canceled)
5. A fuel cell system that includes a load, a fuel cell stack connected to the load and a buffer tank storing an anode gas discharged from the fuel cell stack and that is configured to supply an anode gas and a cathode gas to the fuel cell stack to generate power according to the load, the fuel cell system comprising:
a pressure setting unit configured to set a pressure of the anode gas higher when the load is high as compared with when the load is low;
a stagnation point determination unit configured to determine, at a time of a lowering transient operation where the pressure of the anode gas in a reaction flow path within the fuel cell stack is lowered by a power generation reaction of the fuel cell stack, whether or not a nitrogen stagnation point is left in a reaction flow path within the fuel cell stack; and
an operation control unit configured to perform an operation while preventing the pressure of the anode gas from being lowered when a required load is lowered in a state where the nitrogen stagnation point is left.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 5,
wherein the operation control unit is configured to allow the pressure of the anode gas to be lowered when the nitrogen stagnation point is not left after the pressure of the anode gas is prevented from being lowered.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 5,
wherein the stagnation point determination unit is configured to determine, by whether or not a time necessary to discharge the nitrogen stagnation point has elapsed, whether or not the nitrogen stagnation point is left.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 5, further comprising:
a concentration estimation unit configured to estimate, when the required load is lowered in the state where the nitrogen stagnation point is left, a hydrogen concentration after the pressure is lowered,
wherein the operation control unit is configured to, when the estimated hydrogen concentration is higher than a reference value, perform the operation without preventing the pressure of the anode gas from being lowered even if the required load is lowered in the state where the nitrogen stagnation point is left.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A medical device comprising:
at least one layer of a fabric of braided strands, having proximal and distal ends and a central axis extending therebetween, the medical device having an expanded preset configuration comprising a generally frustoconical shaped portion at each end, wherein, in the expanded preset configuration, each frustoconical shaped portion comprises first and second ends and a conical portion disposed therebetween, wherein the first ends are generally planar and face one another and have a larger cross-sectional diameter than the second ends, wherein the second ends correspond to the proximal and distal ends of the medical device, wherein at least one of the generally frustoconical shaped portions comprises a cylindrical portion extending from adjacent to the planar first end and connecting to the conical portion, wherein the medical device is configured to be constrained to a reduced configuration for delivery through a diagnostic catheter, and wherein the medical device is biased towards the expanded preset configuration such that the medical device is configured to self expand and at least partially return, when unconstrained, towards the expanded preset configuration.
2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer of fabric includes braided first and second strands with respective different first and second diameters.
3. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the ends of the braided strands are secured from unraveling on at least one of the proximal or distal ends of the device.
4. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising a pair of end clamps securing respective ends of the braided strands and configured for delivery through the diagnostic catheter.
5. The medical device of claim 4, wherein one of the end clamps includes a threaded portion.
6. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises a shape memory material.
7. The medical device of claim 6, wherein the shape memory material is a nickel titanium alloy.
8. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device further comprises a central portion coupling the first ends of the generally frustoconical shaped portions.
9. The medical device of claim 8, wherein the medical device further comprises a central portion coupling the first ends of the generally frustoconical shaped portions.
10. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the central portion has a cross-sectional dimension substantially less than that of the first ends of the generally frustoconical shaped portions.
11. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is configured to be constrained for delivery through a diagnostic catheter having an outer diameter of 5 French or less.
12. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is configured to be constrained for delivery through a diagnostic catheter having an outer diameter of 4 French or less.
13. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is configured to be constrained to a reduced configuration having an outer diameter of less than about 0.040 inches.
14. A method of treating a target site within the body, the method comprising:
providing a medical device according to claim 1;
constraining the medical device from an expanded configuration to a reduced configuration for delivery through a diagnostic catheter;
delivering the medical device proximate to the target site; and
deploying the medical device from the diagnostic catheter such that the medical device at least partially returns towards the expanded preset configuration.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the constraining the medical device to the reduced configuration includes axially elongating the medical device.
16. The method of claim 14, further comprising attaching one end of the medical device to a delivery device and advancing the medical device into the diagnostic catheter while attached to the delivery device.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein deploying comprises advancing the medical device through a diagnostic catheter having an outer diameter of 5 French or less.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein deploying comprises advancing the medical device through a diagnostic catheter having an outer diameter of 4 French or less.
19. The method of claim 14, further comprising injecting a contrast medium through the diagnostic catheter before delivering the medical device or after deploying the medical device from the diagnostic catheter.
20. The medical device of claim 1, wherein each frustoconical shaped portion has approximately the same maximum outer diameter.
21. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the frustoconical portions are spaced axially apart from one another along the central axis so as to define a gap therebetween.
22. The medical device of claim 21, further comprising a central portion coupling the first ends and extending within the gap.
23. The medical device of claim 1, wherein each conical portion is spaced axially from the first end towards the second end along the central axis.
24. A medical device comprising:
at least one layer of a fabric of braided strands, having proximal and distal ends and a central axis extending therebetween, the medical device having an expanded preset configuration comprising a generally frustoconical shaped portion at each end and a central portion coupling the frustoconical portions together such that the frustoconical portions are spaced axially apart from one another along the central axis, wherein, in the expanded preset configuration, each frustoconical shaped portion comprises first and second ends, wherein the first ends are generally planar and face one another and have a larger cross-sectional diameter than the second ends, wherein the second ends correspond to the proximal and distal ends of the medical device, wherein at least one of the generally frustoconical shaped portions comprises a cylindrical portion extending from adjacent to the planar first end and connecting to a conical portion, wherein the medical device is configured to be constrained to a reduced configuration for delivery through a diagnostic catheter, and wherein the medical device is biased towards the expanded preset configuration such that the medical device is configured to self expand and at least partially return, when unconstrained, towards the expanded preset configuration.
25. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer of fabric comprises a tubular member.
26. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer of fabric is configured to at least partially inhibit the flow of blood between the proximal and distal ends so as occlude a target site in which the medical device is delivered.
27. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the conical portion and the cylindrical portion are integrally formed from the same layer of fabric so as to be contiguous with one another.

1. A colorant dispersion for an ink, comprising:
a liquid medium;
metal oxide particles dispersed in the liquid medium, the metal oxide particles including a mixture of i) metal oxide particle cores having an organic ligand interacted with respective surfaces thereof, ii) metal oxide particle cores having the organic ligand chemically bonded to respective surfaces thereof, and iii) products of a reaction between metal ions on respective surfaces of metal oxide particle cores and the organic ligand, the organic ligand being chosen from an organic ligand having a phenol group, an organic ligand having a carboxylate group, an organic ligand having an amine group, or combinations thereof; and
a dispersant to react with the metal oxide particle cores in the liquid medium, the dispersant being a silane coupling agent;
wherein the metal oxide particles exhibit a color that is different from a natural color of the metal oxide particle core;
and wherein the metal oxide particle core is an iron oxide chosen from Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, FeO(OH), and combinations thereof.
2. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal oxide particles further include metal oxide particle cores without an organic ligand.
3. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal oxide particles individually have a particle size ranging from about 1 nm to about 1 \u03bcm.
4. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 1 wherein the liquid medium includes water, an organic solvent, or a combination of water and the organic solvent.
5. A colorant dispersion for an ink, comprising:
a liquid medium;
metal oxide particles dispersed in the liquid medium, the metal oxide particles including a mixture of i) metal oxide particle cores having an organic ligand interacted with respective surfaces thereof, ii) metal oxide particle cores having the organic ligand chemically bonded to respective surfaces thereof, and iii) products of a reaction between metal ions on respective surfaces of metal oxide particle cores and the organic ligand, the organic ligand being chosen from an organic ligand having a phenol group, an organic ligand having a carboxylate group, an organic ligand having an amine group, or combinations thereof;
a dispersant to react with the metal oxide particle cores in the liquid medium, the dispersant being a silane coupling agent; and
a co-dispersant to react with the metal oxide particle cores in the liquid medium, the co-dispersant being an organic acid chosen from one that does not impart a color change to the colorant dispersion;
wherein the metal oxide particles exhibit a color that is different from a natural color of the metal oxide particle core;
and wherein the metal oxide particle core is an iron oxide chosen from Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, FeO(OH), and combinations thereof.
6. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 5 wherein the co-dispersant is citric acid.
7. A colorant dispersion for an ink, comprising:
a liquid medium; and
metal oxide particles dispersed in the liquid medium, the metal oxide particles including a mixture of i) metal oxide particle cores having an organic ligand interacted with respective surfaces thereof, ii) metal oxide particle cores having the organic ligand chemically bonded to respective surfaces thereof, and iii) products of a reaction between metal ions on respective surfaces of metal oxide particle cores and the organic ligand;
wherein:
the metal oxide particles exhibit a color that is different from a natural color of the metal oxide particle core;
the metal oxide particle core is an iron oxide chosen from Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, FeO(OH), and combinations thereof; and
the organic ligand is chosen from dihydroxy polyphenol compounds, trihydroxy polyphenol compounds, multihydroxy polyphenol compounds, trihydroxy phenol compounds conjugated with an aromatic group, dihydroxyl phenol compounds conjugated with an aromatic group, salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
8. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 1 wherein the organic ligand is chosen from one of the following groups:
i) any of gallic acid, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, lauryl gallate, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-napthoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-napthoic acid, or 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone;
ii) a single phenol with a nearby carboxylic acid functionality; or
iii) a non-aromatic ligand with hydroxyl groups.
9. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 1 wherein the color exhibited by the colorant dispersion is dependent on at least the type of organic ligand and an amount of the metal oxide particles present in the colorant dispersion.
10. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 6 wherein the color exhibited by the colorant dispersion exhibits a hue having LAB coordinates of L* that is less than than 20, a* that is less than +\u22122, and b* that is less than +\u22122.
11. An ink, comprising:
an ink vehicle; and
a colorant dispersion incorporated into the ink vehicle, the colorant dispersion including:
a liquid medium; and
metal oxide particles dispersed in the liquid medium, the metal oxide particles including a mixture of i) metal oxide particle cores having an organic ligand interacted with respective surfaces thereof, ii) metal oxide particle cores having the organic ligand chemically bonded to respective surfaces thereof, and iii) products of a reaction between metal ions on respective surfaces of metal oxide particle cores and the organic ligand, the organic ligand being chosen from an organic ligand having a phenol group, an organic ligand having a carboxylate group, an organic ligand having an amine group, or combinations thereof;
wherein the metal oxide particles exhibit a color that is different from a natural color of the metal oxide particle core.
12. The ink as defined in claim 11 wherein the colorant dispersion is a first colorant dispersion, and wherein the ink further comprises a second colorant dispersion blended with the first colorant dispersion, the second colorant dispersion including:
a second liquid medium; and
second metal oxide particles dispersed in the second liquid medium, the second metal oxide particles including a mixture of i) metal oxide particle cores having an organic ligand interacted with respective surfaces thereof, ii) metal oxide particle cores having the organic ligand chemically bonded to respective surface surfaces thereof, and iii) products of a reaction between metal ions on respective surfaces of the metal oxide particle cores and the organic ligand;
wherein the second colorant dispersion has a particle distribution that is different from that of the first colorant dispersion, the different particle distribution of the first and second colorant dispersions rendering the first and second colorant dispersions to exhibit different colors;
and wherein the blend of the first colorant dispersion and the second colorant dispersion exhibits a color that is different from the color of the first colorant dispersion alone and is different from the second colorant dispersion alone.
13. The ink as defined in claim 11 wherein the metal oxide particle core is an iron oxide chosen from Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, FeO(OH), and combinations thereof.
14. A method of making the colorant dispersion of claim 1, the method comprising:
preparing a metal oxide dispersion by incorporating the metal oxide particles into the liquid medium;
introducing the organic ligand into the metal oxide dispersion; and
exposing the metal oxide dispersion having the ligand incorporated therein to a predetermined condition for a predetermined amount of time, thereby i) causing the organic ligand to interact with some of the metal oxide particles, ii) causing the organic ligand to chemically bond to some of the metal oxide particles, and iii) causing the ligand to react with some of the metal oxide particles to form a product.
15. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the preparing of the metal oxide dispersion includes treating the metal oxide particles with i) the silane coupling agent or ii) the silane coupling agent and an organic acid.
16. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the preparing of the metal oxide dispersion and the introducing of the organic ligand into the metal oxide dispersion is accomplished during the same step.
17. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the predetermined condition is any of heat or processing, and wherein: when the predetermined condition is heat, the exposing is accomplished by heating the metal oxide dispersion having the ligand incorporated therein to a temperature ranging from about 5\xb0 C. to about 100\xb0 C.; and when the predetermined condition is processing, the exposing is accomplished by milling the dispersion for a duration of about 60 minutes to about 180 minutes at a linear rotor speed ranging from about 6 ms to about 12 ms at a processing temperature ranging from about 10\xb0 C. to about 50\xb0 C.
18. The method as defined in claim 14, further comprising controlling any of a characteristic or a color of the metal oxide dispersion, the controlling being accomplished by any of selecting a type of the organic ligand, adjusting a pH of the colorant dispersion, adjusting a processing time, or changing the liquid medium within which the metal oxide particles are dispersed.
19. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein after exposing is accomplished, the colorant dispersion exhibits a color that is different from a natural color of the metal oxide.
20. The colorant dispersion as defined in claim 8 wherein the non-aromatic ligand with hydroxyl groups is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and caffeine.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A holographic recording medium which is loaded to a recordingreading apparatus for recording and reconstructing information, the data storage medium comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate which has a dimension larger than that of the first substrate; and
a holographic-recording layer which is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein: the second substrate has a support portion which is disposed outside the first substrate and which is supported by the recordingreading apparatus.
2. The holographic recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the support portion is disposed on each of both surfaces of the second substrate.
3. The holographic recording medium according to claim 1, further comprising a cartridge which holds the second substrate.
4. The holographic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein a hold portion, which is held by the cartridge, is provided at an outer edge portion of the second substrate, the hold portion has a thickness which is thinner than a thickness of a central portion of the second substrate, a surface of the hold portion, which is disposed on a side opposite to a side of the holographic-recording layer, is located nearer to the holographic-recording layer than a surface of the central portion of the second substrate, which is disposed on the side opposite to the side of the holographic-recording layer, and both surfaces of the hold portion are held by the cartridge.
5. The holographic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein a surface of a central portion of the second substrate, which is disposed on a side opposite to a side of the holographic-recording layer, is flush with an outermost surface of the cartridge which is on a side of the second substrate.
6. The holographic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein a surface of the first substrate, which is disposed on a side opposite to a side of the holographic-recording layer, is located nearer to the holographic-recording layer than an outermost surface of the cartridge which is disposed on a side of the first substrate.
7. The holographic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the first substrate makes no contact with the cartridge.
8. The holographic recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the cartridge holds only the second substrate.
9. The holographic recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the recordingreading apparatus includes a recordingreading head which records and reconstructs the information on the holographic recording medium, and the second substrate is located on a side of the recordingreading head when the holographic recording medium is loaded to the recordingreading apparatus.
10. The holographic recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate makes no contact with the recordingreading apparatus when the holographic recording medium is loaded to the recordingreading apparatus.
11. A holographic recording medium which is loaded to a recordingreading apparatus for recording and reconstructing information, the holographic recording medium comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate which has a dimension larger than that of the first substrate;
a holographic-recording layer which is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; and
a cartridge which holds the second substrate, wherein: the cartridge has a support portion which supports the holographic recording medium in the recordingreading apparatus.
12. The holographic recording medium-according to claim 11, wherein a hold portion, which is held by the cartridge, is provided at an outer edge portion of the second substrate, the hold portion has a thickness thinner than a thickness of a central portion of the second substrate, a surface of the hold portion, which is disposed on a side opposite to a side of the holographic-recording layer, is located nearer to the holographic-recording layer than a surface of the central portion of the second substrate, which is disposed on the side opposite to the side of the holographic-recording layer, and both surfaces of the hold portion are held by the cartridge.
13. The holographic recording medium according to claim 11, wherein a surface of a central portion of the second substrate, which is disposed on a side opposite to a side of the holographic-recording layer, is flush with an outermost surface of the cartridge which is disposed on a side of the second substrate.
14. The holographic recording medium according to claim 11, wherein a surface, of the first substrate, which is opposite to the holographic-recording layer, is located nearer to the holographic-recording layer than an outermost surface, of the cartridge, which is on a side of the first substrate.
15. The holographic recording medium according to claim 11, wherein the first substrate makes no contact with the cartridge.
16. The holographic recording medium according to claim 11, wherein the cartridge holds only the second substrate.
17. The holographic recording medium according to claim 11, wherein the first substrate makes no contact with the recordingreading apparatus when the holographic recording medium is located to the recordingreading apparatus.