All The Claims

1. A structure comprising a graphene layer located on a (110) surface of a single crystalline semiconductor-carbon alloy layer that is located on and epitaxially aligned to a (1102) surface of a single crystalline sapphire substrate, wherein said single crystalline semiconductor-carbon alloy layer is a superlattice including multiple repetitions of a first material layer and a second material layer, wherein at least one of the first material layer and the second material layer comprises carbon, and at least one of the first material layer and the second material layer comprises at least one of silicon and germanium.
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the first material layer comprises silicon, germanium, or an alloy of silicon, and the second material layer comprise carbon or a carbon alloy.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A polypeptide comprising a mutant diphtheria toxin C domain, a mutant diphtheria toxin T domain, and a mutant diphtheria toxin R domain,
said C domain comprising a mutation in Glu148,
said T domain comprising a mutation in Glu349, and
said R domain comprising a mutation in one or both of Lys516 and Phe530 of wild-type diphtheria toxin, said polypeptide being capable of forming an immune complex with an antibody that specifically recognizes wild-type diphtheria toxin.
2. The polypeptide of claim 1 in which the mutant C domain comprises the mutation Glu148Ser.
3. The polypeptide of claim 1 in which the mutant T domain comprises the mutation Glu349Lys.
4. The polypeptide of claim 1 in which the mutant R domain comprises the mutation Lys516Ala or the mutation Phe530Ala or both.
5. A substantially pure preparation of the polypeptide of claim 1.
6. A cell comprising the polypeptide of claim 1.
7. The cell of claim 6, wherein said cell is a B. subtilis, BCG, Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae, Listeriae, Yersiniae, Streptococci, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, or an E. coli cell.
8. A composition comprising the polypeptide of claim 1 and an adjuvant.
9. A fusion polypeptide comprising the polypeptide of claim 1 and a second polypeptide.
10. A composition comprising the fusion polypeptide of claim 9 and an adjuvant.
11. A cell comprising the polypeptide of claim 10.
12. A polypeptide comprising a mutant diphtheria toxin C domain, a mutant diphtheria toxin T domain, and a mutant diphtheria toxin loop connecting the mutant diphtheria toxin C domain to a diphtheria toxin T domain,
said mutant C domain comprising a mutation in Glu148,
said mutant T domain comprising a mutation in Glu349,
said loop comprising a mutation in one or more of Arg190, Arg192, and Arg193 of wild-type diphtheria toxin, said polypeptide being capable of forming an immune complex with an antibody which specifically recognizes wild-type diphtheria toxin.
13. The polypeptide of claim 12, in which the mutant C domain comprises the mutation Glu148Ser.
14. The polypeptide of claim 12, in which the mutant T domain comprises the mutation Glu349Lys.
15. The polypeptide of claim 12, in which the mutant loop comprises the mutation Arg190Ser or the mutation Arg192Gly or both.
16. A substantially pure preparation of the polypeptide of claim 12.
17. A cell comprising the polypeptide of claim 12.
18. The cell of claim 17, wherein said cell is a B. subtilis, BCG, Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae, Listeriae, Yersiniae, Streptococci, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, or an E. coli cell.
19. A composition comprising the polypeptide of claim 12 and an adjuvant.
20. A fusion polypeptide comprising the polypeptide of claim 12 and a second polypeptide.
21. A composition comprising the fusion polypeptide of claim 20 and an adjuvant.
22. A cell comprising the polypeptide of claim 20.
23. A method for immunizing a mammal against diphtheria toxin, the method comprising administering to a mammal the polypeptide of claim 1.
24. A method for immunizing a mammal against diphtheria toxin, the method comprising administering to a mammal the polypeptide of claim 12.
25. The polypeptide of claim 1 in which the C domain comprises the mutation Glu148Ser, the T comain comprises the mutation Glu349Lys, and the R domain comprises the mutations Lys516Ala and Phe530Ala.
26. The polypeptide of claim 12, in which the C domain comprises the mutation Glu148Ser, the T domain comprises the mutation Glu349Lys, and the loop comprises the mutations Arg190Ser, Arg192Gly, and Arg193Ser.
27. A nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of claim 1.
28. A nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of claim 12.
29. A cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 27.
30. A cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 28.

1. A system comprised of circuits, software, and operating methods by which at least two nodes of an interactive toy generate the illusion of interaction with each other and with a human participant.
2. The system of claim 1 in which interaction between the system and the human participant is via electronic speech recognition circuitry by the system and via normal hearing by the human.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein a single central node of said interactive toy includes all necessary data storage, data processing, microphone, speech detection, text-to-speech conversion, and a radio transmitter.
4. The system of claim 3 in which each of the other nodes of said interactive toy includes only a radio receiver, amplifier, and speaker.
5. The system of claim 4 in which each of the other nodes of said system also includes a transmitter function that permits the central node to know when each of the satellite nodes is proximate and turned on.
6. Software of claim 1 that controls the radio signals transmitted by the central node of claim 3 to the satellite nodes of claim 4.
7. An externally-programmable database of responses and comments contained in the central node of claim 3, with associated text-to-speech circuitry.
8. A pseudo-random number generator contained in the central node of claim 3 that randomizes the selection of responses to identified phrases and words generated either by the human participant and detected by speech detection of claim 3 or by the previous phrases and words generated by other nodes.
9. A wireless or wired connection between the system of claim 1 and an external computer, by which the programming of the central node can be modified, updated, or replaced.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A connector for a ribbon cable, comprising:
a housing having a ribbon cable receiving region extending between a front surface and a back surface of the housing; and
substantially u-shaped retention clips arranged on the back surface of the housing that extend into the ribbon cable receiving region, the retention clips being arranged at a fixed spacing such that spaces are formed between the retention clips for receiving contact elements, the retention clips being molded in a single piece with the housing.
2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein the retention clips have a first side that forms a contact surface for the ribbon cable and a second side that forms a bearing and retention surface for the ribbon cable.
3. The connector according to claim 1, wherein the retention clips are arranged parallel to each other.
4. The connector according to claim 1, wherein the housing has an actuation surface that extends adjacent to the ribbon cable receiving region for biasing the contact elements toward the ribbon cable receiving region.
5. The connector according to claim 1, wherein the housing has longitudinal side walls that extend between the front surface and the back surface, at least one of the longitudinal side walls having an elastic support element with a cam for positively locking the connector to a contact socket.
6. The connector according to claim 1, further comprising retaining pins for retaining the ribbon cable in the housing.
7. The connector according to claim 6, wherein the retaining pins extend between an upper surface and lower surface of the housing.
8. The connector according to claim 7, wherein the retaining pins are fixed to the housing.
9. A connector, comprising:
a housing having a ribbon cable receiving region extending between a front surface and a back surface of the housing;
a ribbon cable disposed in the ribbon cable receiving region and having contact sections arranged at the back surface of the housing; and
substantially u-shaped retention clips arranged on the back surface of the housing that receive a portion of the ribbon cable, the retention clips being arranged at a fixed spacing such that spaces are formed between the retention clips for receiving contact elements, the spaces exposing the contact sections of the ribbon cable for contact with the contact elements.
10. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the retention clips are arranged parallel to each other.
11. The connector according to claim 10, wherein the retention clips have a first side that forms a contact surface for the ribbon cable and a second side that forms a bearing and retention surface for the ribbon cable.
12. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the housing has an actuation surface that extends adjacent to the contact sections for biasing the contact elements toward the contact sections.
13. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the housing has longitudinal side walls that extend between the front surface and the back surface, at least one of the longitudinal side walls having an elastic support element with a cam for positively locking the connector to a contact socket.
14. The connector according to claim 9, further comprising retaining pins for retaining the ribbon cable in the housing.
15. The connector according to claim 14, wherein the retaining pins extend between an upper surface and lower surface of the housing.
16. The connector according to claim 15, wherein the retaining pins are fixed to the housing.
17. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the contact sections are formed on top and bottom surfaces of the ribbon cable.
18. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the retention clips are molded to the housing.
19. A connector arrangement, comprising:
a contact socket having first and second contact elements;
a connector having a ribbon cable receiving region extending between a front surface and a back surface thereof, the connector being receivable in the contact socket;
a ribbon cable disposed in the ribbon cable receiving region, the ribbon cable having contact sections formed on top and bottom surfaces thereof; and
substantially u-shaped retention clips formed on the back surface of the connector that receive a portion of the ribbon cable, the retention clips being arranged ay a fixed spacing such that spaces are formed between the retention clips that expose the contact sections, the first and second contact elements being receivable in the spaces, the retention clips being molded in a single piece with the connector.
20. The connector arrangement according to claim 19, wherein the retention clips are arranged parallel to each other.
21. The connector arrangement according to claim 19, wherein the housing has an actuation surface for biasing the second contact element toward the respective contact sections.
22. The connector arrangement according to claim 21, wherein the second contact element includes third and fourth contact elements that essentially form an oval shape.
23. The connector arrangement according to claim 19, wherein the housing has longitudinal side walls that extend between the front surface and the back surface, at least one of the longitudinal side walls having an elastic support element with a cam for positively locking the connector to the contact socket.
24. The connector arrangement according to claim 19, further comprising retaining pins for retaining the ribbon cable in the housing.
25. The connector arrangement according to claim 24, wherein the retaining pins extend between an upper surface and lower surface of the housing.