All The Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An electronic device comprising a functional element chip having a photofunctional element formed thereon, a wiring member electrically connected to a terminal of the functional element chip, and an encapsulant for fixing the functional element chip and the wiring member,
wherein a light blocking member with an opening portion is provided on a front face side of the wiring member, and
wherein an end of the opening portion is located more inside than an inner end of the wiring member.
2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the end of the opening portion and the inner end of the encapsulant are flush with each other.
3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulant is formed of a photo-setting resin.
4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulant is formed of a thermo-photo-setting resin.
5. The electronic device according to claim 1, comprising on a front face side of the functional element chip, a light transmissive protective member for protecting the photofunctional element.
6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the light blocking member is light-absorptive.
7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulant continuously surrounds the periphery of the functional element chip.
8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulant covers a conductive beam lead of the wiring member that is connected to the functional element chip such that the beam lead is not exposed.
9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the photofunctional element is at least one of a light receiving element and a light emitting element.
10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the photofunctional element is a DMD.
11. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the area of the opening portion is larger than the area of a portion where the photofunctional element is disposed.
12. An electronic device comprising a semiconductor chip having an optical semiconductor element formed thereon, a wiring member electrically connected to a terminal of the semiconductor chip, an encapsulant for fixing the semiconductor chip and the wiring member, and a light transmissive protective member,
wherein a light blocking member with an opening portion is provided between a front face of the wiring member and a rear face of the protective member,
wherein an end of the opening portion is located more inside than an inner end of the wiring member, and
wherein the encapsulant is a photo-set resin, and the end of the opening portion and an inner end of the encapsulant align.
13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the encapsulant is formed of a thermo-photo-setting resin.
14. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the light blocking member is light-absorptive.
15. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the encapsulant continuously surrounds the periphery of the semiconductor chip.
16. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the encapsulant covers a conductive beam lead of the wiring member that is connected to the semiconductor chip such that the beam lead is not exposed.
17. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the optical semiconductor element is at least one of a light receiving element and a light emitting element.
18. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the optical semiconductor element is a DMD.
19. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the area of the opening portion is larger than the area of a portion where the optical semiconductor element is disposed.
20. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the encapsulant is an epoxy resin.
21. A process of producing an electronic device comprising a functional element chip with a terminal, a wiring member electrically connected to the terminal, an encapsulant for fixing the functional element chip and the wiring member, and a light transmissive protective member, the process comprising the steps of:
disposing a light blocking member with an opening portion between a front face of the wiring member and a rear face of the protective member such that an end of the opening portion is located more inside than an inner end of the wiring member;
providing a photo-setting resin for forming the encapsulant onto the periphery of a connecting portion between the wiring member and the terminal of the functional element chip; and
irradiating a light from the side of a front face of the protective member through the opening portion of the light blocking member to set at least a part of the photo-setting resin.
22. The process of producing an electronic device according to claim 21, wherein the photo-setting resin is a thermo-photo-setting resin, further comprising the step of heating the thermo-photo-setting resin after the step of irradiating the light.
23. The process of producing an electronic device according to claim 21, further comprising the step of irradiating a light for setting the photo-setting resin from the side of a rear face of the wiring member.
24. The process of producing an electronic device according to claim 21, further comprising the step of bonding the wiring member and the terminal of the functional element chip to each other prior to the step of providing the photo-setting resin.
25. The process of producing an electronic device according to claim 21, further comprising the step of providing a layer for forming the light blocking member on the rear face of the protective member.
26. A process of producing an electronic device comprising a first substrate, a second, light transmissive substrate disposed apart from the first substrate, and an encapsulant for fixing the periphery of the first and the second substrates so as to fill a space between the first and the second substrates, comprising the steps of:
disposing a light blocking member with an opening portion on a rear face of the periphery of the second substrate;
disposing a photo-setting resin for forming the encapsulant on the periphery of the first and the second substrates; and
irradiating a light from the side of a front face of the second substrate through the opening portion of the light blocking member to set at least a part of the photo-setting resin.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of treating a subject with a hyperproliferative disease comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a MEK inhibitor, wherein the hyperproliferative disease is related to the hyperactivity of MEK and diseases modulated by the MEK cascade in mammals, and wherein the MEK inhibitor is a compound according to Formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein:
R1, R2, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from: hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, azido, \u2014OR3, \u2014NR4C(O)OR6, \u2014OC(O)R3, \u2014NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jNR3R4 \u2014S(O)jNR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jR6, \u2014NR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(NCN)NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, or \u2014S(O)j(C1-C6 alkyl);
provided that R12 is not OH, and R13, R14 are not C1-C10 alkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R5 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R6 is selected from trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
W is selected from \u2014C(O)OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4R15, \u2014C(O)NR4OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014C(O)NR4NR4R15, \u2014NR\u2032C(O)R\u2032, \u2014NR\u2032S(O)jR\u2032,\u2014NRC(O)NR\u2032R\u2033, NR\u2032S(O)jNR\u2032R\u2033, or \u2014C(O)NR4NR4C(O)R15;
provided that W is not \u2014C(O)OH;
R15 is independently selected from: hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, trihalomethyl, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033;
R\u2032 and R\u2033 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, aryl and arylalkyl;
X is N or N+O\u2212; and
j is 1 or 2, with the proviso that 3-Phenylamino-isonicotinic acid methyl ester and 3-Oxo-3-(3-phenylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester are not included.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of cancer, inflammation, pancreatitis or kidney disease, pain, benign hyperplasia of the skin, restenosis, prostate, diseases related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, skin diseases selected from psoriasis, eczema, and sclerodema, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the disease is cancer or inflammation.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon, melanoma and epidermoid cancer.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the inflammation is selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis.
6. A method of treating a subject with a hyperproliferative disease comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an MEK inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the hyperproliferative disease is related to the hyperactivity of MEK and diseases modulated by the MEK cascade in mammals, and wherein the MEK inhibitor is a compound of Formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein:
R1, R2, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from: hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, azido, \u2014OR3, \u2014NR4C(O)OR6, \u2014OC(O)R3, \u2014NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jNR3R4 \u2014S(O)jNR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6,\u2014S(O)jR6 , \u2014NR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(NCN)NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, or \u2014S(O)j(C1-C6 alkyl);
provided that R12 is not OH, and R13, R14 are not C1-C10 alkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R5 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R6 is selected from trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
W is selected from \u2014C(O)OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4R15, \u2014C(O)NR4OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014C(O)NR4NR4R15, \u2014NR\u2032C(O)R\u2032, \u2014NR\u2032S(O)jR\u2032, \u2014NRC(O)NR\u2032R\u2033, NR\u2032S(O)jNR\u2032R\u2033, or \u2014C(O)NR4NR4C(O)R15;
provided that W is not \u2014C(O)OH;
R15 is independently selected from: hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, trihalomethyl, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033;
R\u2032 and R\u2033 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, aryl and arylalkyl;
X is N or N+O\u2212; and
j is 1 or 2, with the proviso that 3-Phenylamino-isonicotinic acid methyl ester and 3-Oxo-3-(3-phenylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester are not included.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of cancer, inflammation, pancreatitis or kidney disease, pain, benign hyperplasia of the skin, restenosis, prostate, diseases related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, skin diseases selected from psoriasis, eczema, and sclerodema, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the disease is cancer or inflammation.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon, melanoma and epidermoid cancer.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the inflammation is selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis.
11. A method of treating a subject with a hyperproliferative disease comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a MEK inhibitor, wherein the hyperproliferative disease is cancer, and wherein the MEK inhibitor is a compound according to Formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein:
R1, R2, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from: hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, azido, \u2014OR3, \u2014NR4C(O)OR6, \u2014OC(O)R3,\u2014NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jNR3R4, \u2014S(O)jNR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jR6, \u2014NR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(NCN)NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, or \u2014S(O)j(C1-C6 alkyl);
provided that R12 is not OH, and R13, R14 are not C1-C10 alkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R5 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R6 is selected from trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
W is selected from \u2014C(O)OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4R15, \u2014C(O)NR4OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014C(O)NR4NR4R15, \u2014NR\u2032C(O)R\u2032, \u2014NR\u2032S(O)jR\u2032, \u2014NRC(O)NR\u2032R\u2033, NR\u2032S(O)jNR\u2032R\u2033, or \u2014C(O)NR4NR4C(O)R15;
provided that W is not \u2014C(O)OH;
R15 is independently selected from: hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, trihalomethyl, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033;
R\u2032 and R\u2033 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, aryl and arylalkyl;
X is N or N+O\u2212; and
j is 1 or 2, with the proviso that 3-Phenylamino-isonicotinic acid methyl ester and 3-Oxo-3-(3-phenylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester are not included.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the MEK inhibitor is provided in a pharmaceutical composition comprising the MEK inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
14. A method of inhibiting hyperactivity of MEK in a cell, comprising administering to the cell an effective amount of a MEK inhibitor, wherein the MEK inhibitor is a compound according to Formula (II):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein:
R1, R2, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from: hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, azido, \u2014OR3, \u2014NR4C(O)OR6, \u2014OC(O)R3, \u2014NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jNR3R4, \u2014S(O)jNR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jR6, \u2014NR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(NCN)NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, or \u2014S(O)j(C1-C6 alkyl);
provided that R12 is not OH, and R13, R14 are not C1-C10 alkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R5 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R6 is selected from trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
W is selected from \u2014C(O)OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4R15, \u2014C(O)NR4OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014C(O)NR4NR4R15, \u2014NR\u2032C(O)R\u2032, \u2014NR\u2032S(O)jR\u2032, \u2014NRC(O)NR\u2032R\u2033, NR\u2032S(O)jNR\u2032R\u2033, or \u2014C(O)NR4NR4C(O)R15;
provided that W is not \u2014C(O)OH;
R15 is independently selected from: hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, trihalomethyl, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033;
R\u2032 and R\u2033 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, aryl and arylalkyl;
X is N or N+O\u2212; and
j is 1 or 2, with the proviso that 3-Phenylamino-isonicotinic acid methyl ester and 3-Oxo-3-(3-phenylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester are not included.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
R1, R2, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, azido, \u2014OR3, \u2014NR4C(O)OR6, \u2014OC(O)R3, \u2014NR4S(O)jR6, \u2014S(O)jNR3R4, \u2014S(O)jNR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, S(O)jR6, \u2014NR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(O)NR3R4, \u2014NR5C(NCN)NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl or \u2014S(O)j(C1-C6 alkyl);
provided that R12 is not OH, and R13, R14 are not C1-C10 alkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R5 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, whereby alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro or trihalomethyl;
R6 is selected from trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
W is \u2014C(O)OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4R15, \u2014C(O)NR4OR15 or \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6;
provided that W is not C(O)OH;
R15 is independently selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with primary amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, trihalomethyl, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033;
R\u2032 and R\u2033are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
X is N or N+O\u2212; and
j is 1 or 2.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
R1, R2, R9 and R11 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, cyano, nitro, OR3 or NR3R4, where each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one to five halogens;
R10 and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, cyano, nitro, azido, NR4SO2R6, SO2NR3R4, SO2R6, C(O)NR3R4, \u2014S(O)jNR4C(O)R3, \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6, OR3, NR3R4 or \u2014S(C1-C2 alkyl) substituted with 1 to 5 F;
R13 and R14 are independently selected from H, F, Cl, C1-C4 alkyl, C3-C4 cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl or C2-C4 alkynyl, where each alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalky, alkynyl is optionally substituted with one to five halogens;
W is \u2014C(O)OR15, \u2014C(O)NR4R15, \u2014C(O)NR4OR15, \u2014C(O)(C2-C10 alkyl) or \u2014C(O)NR4S(O)jR6;
R15 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkenyl or C4-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, where alkyl or alkenyl is optionally substituted by 1 or 2 of OH, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033; and
R\u2032 and R\u2033 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, aryl or arylalkyl.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
R1 is independently selected from H and F;
R2 is independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl or Me, where the methyl group is optionally substituted with one to three fluorines;
R9 is independently selected from H, F or Cl;
R10 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, nitro, Me or OMe, where the methyl groups are optionally substituted with one to three fluorines, SO2NR3R4 or C(O)NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4 are independently C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted by 1 or 2 alkyl amino or O-alkyl, or R3 and R4 taken together form a cyclic ring with 1 or 2 N atoms and optionally an O atom, said ring being optionally substituted by 1 or 2 alkyl amino or O-alkyl;
R11 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, Me or OMe, where the methyl groups are optionally substituted with one to three fluorines;
R12 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, nitro, Me, SCF3, SCHF2, SCH2F, SO2NR3R4, C(O)NR3R4 or OMe, where the methyl groups are optionally substituted with one to three fluorines, wherein R3 and R4 are independently C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted by 1 or 2 alkyl amino or O-alkyl, or R3 and R4 taken together form a cyclic ring with 1 or 2 N atoms and optionally an O atom, said ring being optionally substituted by 1 or 2 alkyl amino or O-alkyl;
R13 is independently selected from H and F;
R14 is independently selected from H and F;
W is \u2014C(O)NR4OR15; and
R15 is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents OH, O-Me, NH2, N(methyl)2 or N(ethyl)2.
18. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
W is \u2014C(O)NR4OR15;
R4 is hydrogen;
R15 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkenyl that may be further substituted by 1 or 2 of OH, O\u2014C1-C4 alkyl or NR\u2032R\u2033; and
R\u2032 and R\u2033 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.

1. In an integrated circuit, a hybrid counter comprising:
a first stage coupled for receiving an input clock signal, the first stage including an asynchronous counter, the asynchronous counter including at least one asynchronous counter stage having an asynchronous level-mode state machine; and
a second stage coupled for receiving an output clock signal from the first stage, the second stage including a synchronous counter;
wherein the first stage steps down the frequency of the input clock signal to provide the output clock signal; and
wherein the first stage is responsive to both rising and falling edges of the input clock signal.
2. The hybrid counter, according to claim 1, wherein the first stage is configured to level-shift while responding to edges of the input clock signal.
3. The hybrid counter, according to claim 1, wherein the input clock signal frequency is stepped down by a factor of approximately eight to provide the output clock signal.
4. The hybrid counter, according to claim 3, wherein the input clock signal frequency is at least approximately 400 MHz.
5. The hybrid counter, according to claim 1, wherein the asynchronous level-mode state machine is formed of Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic.
6. The hybrid counter, according to claim 1, wherein the at least one asynchronous counter stage comprises:
a first asynchronous counter stage coupled to receive an input clock signal and a complement of the input clock signal, the first asynchronous counter including a first asynchronous level-mode state machine configured to provide count signals responsive to the input clock signal and the complement of the input clock signal, the first asynchronous level-mode state machine being formed of Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic.
7. The hybrid counter, according to claim 6, further comprising a second asynchronous counter stage coupled to receive the count signals, the second asynchronous counter stage having a second asynchronous level-mode state machine.
8. The hybrid counter, according to claim 7, wherein the first asynchronous counter stage and the second asynchronous counter stage are configured to progressively step down frequency of the input clock signal to provide a clock output signal at a fraction of the frequency thereof.
9. The hybrid counter, according to claim 7, wherein the first asynchronous level-mode state machine and the second asynchronous level-mode state machine each have a toggle flip-flop operation.
10. The hybrid counter, according to claim 9, wherein the first asynchronous level-mode state machine and the second asynchronous level-mode state machine are each implemented with Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic.
11. In an integrated circuit, a hybrid counter comprising:
a first stage coupled for receiving an input clock signal, the first stage including an asynchronous counter, the asynchronous counter including at least one asynchronous counter stage having an asynchronous level-mode state machine;
wherein the at least one asynchronous counter stage comprises:
a first asynchronous counter stage coupled to receive an input clock signal and a complement of the input clock signal, the first asynchronous counter including a first asynchronous level-mode state machine configured to provide count signals responsive to the input clock signal and the complement of the input clock signal, the first asynchronous level-mode state machine being formed of Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic;

a second stage coupled for receiving an output clock signal from the first stage, the second stage including a synchronous counter; and
a second asynchronous counter stage coupled to receive the count signals, the second asynchronous counter stage having a second asynchronous level-mode state machine;
wherein the first asynchronous counter stage and the second asynchronous counter stage are configured to progressively step down frequency of the input clock signal to provide a clock output signal at a fraction of the frequency thereof; and
wherein the second asynchronous counter stage is coupled to receive a count one signal to a complement clock port and to receive a complement of the count one signal to a non-complement clock port.
12. The hybrid counter, according to claim 11, wherein the first asynchronous counter stage is configured to provide an edge output signal and a complement of the edge output signal.
13. The hybrid counter, according to claim 12, wherein the first asynchronous level-mode state machine comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion each coupled to receive the input clock signal and the complement of the input clock signal.
14. The hybrid counter, according to claim 13, wherein the first portion of the first asynchronous level-mode state machine is configured to provide the count one signal and the complement of the count one signal responsive to at least one of the input clock signal, the complement of the input clock signal, and state of the second portion of the first asynchronous level-mode state machine.
15. The hybrid counter, according to claim 14, wherein the second portion of the first asynchronous level-mode state machine is configured to provide the edge output signal and the complement of the edge output signal responsive to at least one of the input clock signal, the complement of the input clock signal, and state of the first portion of the first asynchronous level-mode state machine.
16. The hybrid counter, according to claim 15, further comprising zero count logic coupled to the first asynchronous counter stage for providing a count zero signal.
17. The hybrid counter, according to claim 16, wherein the zero count logic is configured to provide the count zero signal responsive to feedback of the count one signal, the complement of the count one signal, the edge output signal and the complement of the edge output signal.
18. The hybrid counter, according to claim 17, wherein the zero count logic is a Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic exclusive-OR gate coupled to receive the count one signal, the complement of the count one signal, the edge output signal and the complement of the edge output signal fed back.
19. In an integrated circuit, a hybrid counter comprising:
a first stage coupled for receiving an input clock signal, the first stage including an asynchronous counter, the asynchronous counter including at least one asynchronous counter stage having an asynchronous level-mode state machine;
wherein the at least one asynchronous counter stage comprises:
a first asynchronous counter stage coupled to receive an input clock signal and a complement of the input clock signal, the first asynchronous counter including a first asynchronous level-mode state machine configured to provide count signals responsive to the input clock signal and the complement of the input clock signal, the first asynchronous level-mode state machine being formed of Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic;

a second stage coupled for receiving an output clock signal from the first stage, the second stage including a synchronous counter; and
a second asynchronous counter stage coupled to receive the count signals, the second asynchronous counter stage having a second asynchronous level-mode state machine;
wherein the first asynchronous level-mode state machine and the second asynchronous level-mode state machine each have a toggle flip-flop operation;
wherein the first asynchronous level-mode state machine and the second asynchronous level-mode state machine are each implemented with Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic; and
wherein the first asynchronous counter stage and the second asynchronous counter stage are laid out with a repetitive tile pattern.
20. The hybrid counter, according to claim 19, wherein each tile of the repetitive tile pattern includes at least one well region laid out so as to reduce substrate noise generation.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A lighting assembly, comprising:
a light socket, at least partially disposed in a housing;
a first reflector base, having an aperture through which the light socket is accessible, and a reflective surface generally facing away from the light socket, wherein the light socket is disposed behind the reflective surface; and
a second reflector base, connected to at least one of the first reflector base and the light source housing, having a reflective surface generally facing the light source and the reflective surface of the first reflector base.
2. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the first reflection base has a flat reflective surface adjacent the aperture, and a curved reflective surface at the periphery of the first reflection base, wherein the curved reflective surface curves generally toward the second reflector base.
3. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface of the first reflector base is concave, wherein the concavity is directed generally toward the second reflector base.
4. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface of the second reflector base is concave, wherein the concavity is directed generally toward the first reflector base.
5. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the area of the reflective surface of the first reflector base is larger than the area of the reflective surface of the second reflector base.
6. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the light socket housing is recessed within a ceiling, with the light socket facing downward from the ceiling;
the first reflector base is disposed on the surface of the ceiling, with the reflective surface of the first reflector base facing generally downward from the ceiling; and
the second reflector base is a pendant suspended from at least one of the first reflector base, the light source housing, and the ceiling, with the reflective surface of the second reflector base facing generally upward toward the ceiling.
7. The lighting assembly of claim 6,
wherein the light socket housing includes a suspension lacing ring, and
the lighting assembly further includes suspension lacing connected to the suspension lacing ring and the second reflector base.
8. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the first reflector base is recessed within the surface of the ceiling, with the reflective surface of the first reflector base facing generally downward from the ceiling; and
the second reflector base is a pendant suspended from at least one of the first reflector base, the light source housing, and the ceiling, with the reflective surface of the second reflector base facing generally upward toward the ceiling.
9. The lighting assembly of claim 8,
wherein the light socket housing includes a suspension lacing ring, and
the lighting assembly further includes suspension lacing connected to the suspension lacing ring and the second reflector base.
10. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the light socket housing is suspended from a ceiling structure, with the light socket facing downward from the ceiling structure;
the first reflector base is suspended from the ceiling structure, with the reflective surface of the first reflector base facing generally downward from the ceiling structure; and
the second reflector base is a pendant suspended from at least one of the first reflector base, the light source housing, and the ceiling structure, with the reflective surface of the second reflector base facing generally upward toward the ceiling structure.
11. The lighting assembly of claim 10,
wherein the light socket housing includes a suspension lacing ring, and
the lighting assembly further includes suspension lacing connected to the suspension lacing ring and the second reflector base.
12. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the first reflector base is recessed within a desktop, with the reflective surface of the first reflector base facing generally upward from the desktop; and
the second reflector base is held above the first reflector base by spacers connected to at least one of the first reflector base, the light source housing, and the desktop, with the reflective surface of the second reflector base facing generally downward toward the first reflector base.
13. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the first reflector base is mounted atop a stand, with the reflective surface of the first reflector base facing generally upward from the stand; and
the second reflector base is held above the first reflector base by spacers connected to at least one of the first reflector base, the light source housing, and the stand, with the reflective surface of the second reflector base facing generally downward toward the first reflector base.
14. The lighting assembly of claim 13, wherein the stand is a lamp stand.
15. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the light socket is adapted to secure and provide electrical power to a light source.
16. The lighting assembly of claim 15, wherein the light socket is adapted to secure and provide electrical power to at least one of an incandescent light bulb, a halogen light bulb, a compact fluorescent bulb, an HID, and an LED.
17. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein a peripheral shape of the first reflector base is round.
18. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein a peripheral shape of the second reflector base is round.
19. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein a peripheral shape of the reflective surface of the first reflector base is round.
20. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein a peripheral shape of the reflective surface of the second reflector base is round.