All The Claims

1. A method for determining the presence or absence of a volatile amine as a marker in a lubricating oil composition comprising;
heating the lubricating oil composition which has the possibility of containing the volatile amine;
after the heating, disposing a medium comprising an amine colouring reagent into a vapour phase on top of the liquid surface of the lubricating oil composition to obtain a first colouring pattern, wherein the amine colouring reagent will react with the volatile amine, if present, in an amine-based colouring reaction selected from the group consisting of quinhydrone reactions, ninhydrin reactions and Dragendorff reactions, and wherein the first colouring pattern is attributable to the occurrence or non-occurrence of the amine-based colouring reaction;
after heating, disposing a medium comprising a pH-dependent colouring reagent into a vapour phase on top of the liquid surface of the lubricating oil composition to obtain a second colouring pattern, wherein the pH-dependent colouring reagent will react with the volatile amine, if present, in a pH-dependent colouring reaction, and wherein the second colouring pattern is attributable to the occurrence or non-occurrence of the pH-dependent colouring reaction; and
determining the presence or absence of the volatile amine in the lubricating oil composition by comparing the first colouring pattern and the second colouring pattern with a standard colouring pattern.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the volatile amine is a tertiary amine which vaporises at not more than 100\xb0 C.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the volatile amine is at least one kind selected from a group consisting of tributylamines, dimethylethylamines and triethylamines.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the medium comprising the amine colouring reagent andor the medium comprising the pH-dependent colouring reagent.
5. A kit for determining the presence or absence of a volatile amine as a marker in a lubricating oil composition comprising:
a medium that comprises an amine colouring reagent, wherein the amine colouring reagent is capable of reacting with the volatile amine in an amine-based colouring reaction to produce a first colouring pattern, and wherein the amine-based colouring reaction is selected from the group consisting of quinhydrone reactions, ninhydrin reactions and Dragendorff reactions; and
a medium that comprises a pH-dependent colouring reagent, wherein the pH-dependent colouring reagent is capable of reacting with the volatile amine in a pH-dependent colouring reaction to produce a second colouring pattern.
6. A lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil and a volatile amine as a marker, and wherein it is possible to identify the lubricating oil composition by means of the method of claim 1.
7. The lubricating oil composition of claim 6 wherein the volatile amine is a tertiary amine which vaporises at not more than 100\xb0 C.
8. The lubricating oil composition of claim 6 wherein the volatile amine is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of tributylamines, dimethylethylamines and triethylamines.
9. The kit of claim 5 further comprising a standard colouring pattern comprising:
a colouring pattern attributable to the occurrence of an amine-based colouring reaction between the amine colouring reagent and the volatile amine, and
a colouring pattern attributable to the occurrence of a pH-dependent colouring reaction between the pH-dependent colouring reagent and the volatile amine.
10. The kit of claim 5 wherein the medium that comprises the amine colouring reagent andor the medium that comprises the pH-dependent colouring reagent are reagent papers.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil composition is heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the volatile amine.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil composition is heated to a temperature of not more than 100\xb0 C.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the volatile amine is a tertiary amine.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil composition is heated to a temperature of from 40 to 90\xb0 C.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil composition is heated to a temperature of from 50 to 80\xb0 C.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the amine colouring reagent is quinhydrone.
17. A method for determining the identity of a lubricating oil composition comprising:
obtaining a sample of the lubricating oil composition;
heating the sample of the lubricating oil composition to a temperature of not more than 100\xb0 C.;
after heating, disposing a medium comprising an amine colouring reagent into a vapour phase on top of the liquid surface of the lubricating oil composition to obtain a first colouring pattern, wherein the amine colouring reagent will react with a volatile amine, if present, in an amine-based colouring reaction selected from the group consisting of quinhydrone reactions, ninhydrin reactions and Dragendorff reactions, and wherein the first colouring pattern is attributable to the occurrence or non-occurrence of the amine-based colouring reaction;
after heating, disposing a medium comprising a pH-dependent colouring reagent into a vapour phase on top of the liquid surface of the lubricating oil composition to obtain a second colouring pattern, wherein the pH-dependent colouring reagent will react with a volatile amine, if present, in a pH-dependent colouring reaction, and wherein the second colouring pattern is attributable to the occurrence or non-occurrence of the pH-dependent colouring reaction; and
determining the identity of the lubricating oil composition by visually comparing the first colouring pattern and the second colouring pattern with a standard colouring pattern.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the volatile amine is at least one kind selected from a group consisting of tributylamines, dimethylethylamines and triethylamines.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An article of jewelry for wearing on a person’s body for retaining a hidden object, comprising:
a) a hollow body portion connected to a loop of material for retaining said hollow body portion on a wearer;
b) said hollow body portion forms a cross having a vertical hollow portion having a top end and a bottom end and a horizontal hollow portion having a first end and a second end; and
c) each of said top, bottom, first and second ends having a removeable cap having an article retaining apparatus connected thereto whereby four article retaining openings are created when each of said removeable caps are removed,
d) each of said article retaining apparatus being receivable within said top, bottom, first and second ends; and,
e) each of said removeable caps engage one of said top, bottom, first and second ends by a friction fit;
f) each of said removeable caps having an end portion of greater width than its respective opening and a second portion having a width relative to said opening such that said second portion of each of said caps frictionally engages an interior wall of said respective opening and said second portion is adjacent said end portion;
g) said article retaining apparatus extending from said second portion and having a smaller width than said second portion to permit insertion of the article retaining apparatus within one of said openings.
2. The article of jewelry as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
a) said article retaining apparatus forms a hollow container for receiving and retaining a charm.
3. The article of jewelry as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
a) said article retaining apparatus is formed of a tube.
4. The article of jewelry as set forth in claim 3, wherein:
a) said tube includes a slot formed therein for facilitating retention of an object.

1. An electric steering apparatus comprising:
a speed reduction mechanism;
an electric motor which applies torque to a steering system through the speed reduction mechanism;
a torque limiter;
a controller which controls the electric motor in accordance with an input of a driver; and
a rotation detector which detects a rotation angle of a rotational shaft of the electric motor;
wherein the rotation detector and the torque limiter are arranged between the electric motor and the speed reduction mechanism.
2. An electric steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor in a brushless motor and the rotation detector is a resolver.
3. An electric steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotation detector is arranged separately from a body of the electric motor.
4. An electric steering apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotation detector is arranged separately from a body of the electric motor.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for reducing power consumption by a function of an Access Point (AP) in a mobile terminal, the apparatus comprising:
a medium competing unit for allowing the mobile terminal to operate as a virtual terminal and participate in competition for a medium access when data to be transmitted does not exist in the mobile terminal operating as an AP.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when the mobile terminal occupies the medium as the virtual terminal in the competition for the medium access, the medium competing unit allows the mobile terminal to operate in a low power mode.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein after entering the low power mode, the medium competing unit generates and transmits an arbitrary frame comprising:
a time period during which the mobile terminal operates in the low power mode to prevent a medium access during the operation of the low power mode.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the medium competing unit allows the mobile terminal to participate in the competition for the medium access as the virtual terminal that transmits data of a low priority.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the medium competing unit changes a priority of the virtual terminal to improve performance of a low power mode.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the medium competing unit comprises:
a virtual mode unit for changing an operation mode of the mobile terminal from an AP mode to a virtual terminal mode to allow the mobile terminal to compete with terminals that transmit actual data; and
a priority setting unit for setting a priority of the mobile terminal that operates as the virtual mode, wherein the priority setting unit sets the mobile terminal to a virtual terminal of a low priority.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the priority setting unit raises a medium access probability of terminals that transmit actual data by raising the priority of the virtual terminal, and increases a frequency of entering a low power mode by raising a probability that the virtual terminal accesses a medium.
8. A method for reducing power consumption by a function of an Access Point (AP) in a mobile terminal, the method comprising:
allowing the mobile terminal to operate as a virtual terminal and participate in competition for a medium access when data to be transmitted does not exist in the mobile terminal operating as an AP.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
when occupying a medium using the virtual terminal in the competition for the medium access, operating in a low power mode.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
after entering the low power mode, preventing a medium access during an operation of the low power mode by generating and transmitting an arbitrary frame comprising a time period during which the mobile terminal operates in the low power mode.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the participating in the competition for the medium access comprises:
operating the mobile terminal as a virtual terminal that transmits data of a low priority.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the participating in the competition for the medium access comprises:
changing a priority of the virtual terminal to improve performance of a low power mode.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
changing an operation mode of the mobile terminal from an AP mode to a virtual terminal mode to allow the mobile terminal to compete with terminals that transmit actual data; and
setting a priority of the mobile terminal that operates as the virtual mode and set the mobile terminal to a virtual terminal of a low priority.
14. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
raising the medium access probability of terminals that transmit actual data by raising the priority of the virtual terminal, and increasing a frequency of entering a low power mode by raising the probability that the virtual terminal accesses a medium.