All The Claims

1. A curable composition which comprises:
a) silane-functionalized colloidal silica;
b) at least one curable monomer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic cyclic acrylate, urethane diacrylate and epoxy resin; and,
c) at least one curing agent for curable monomer (b).
2. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the silane-functionalized colloidal silica is obtained from the reaction of colloidal silica with at least one functionalizing silane.
3. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the silane-functionalized colloidal silica is obtained by reacting colloidal silica with an acrylate silane andor an epoxysilane.
4. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein at least two different functionalized silicas are present therein.
5. The curable composition of claim 4 wherein at least one functionalized colloidal silica is obtained by reacting colloidal silica with an acrylate silane and another functionalized colloidal silica is obtained by reacting colloidal silica with an epoxysilane.
6. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the functionalizing silane possesses the general formula
(R1)aSi(OR2)4-a

wherein each R1 is, independently, a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 18 carbon atoms which can contain chemically reactive functionality, and each R2 is, independently, a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 18 carbon atoms and a is a whole number from 1 to 3.
7. The curable composition of claim 6 wherein the chemically reactive functionality is acrylate andor epoxide functionality.
8. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the functionalized silane is at least one silane selected from the group consisting of phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyldialkylsilane, beta-substituted allylsilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyl-methyldiethoxysilane, 3-acryloxyproplymethyldimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, 2-methacryloxethylmethyldisthoxysilane, 2-methacryloxyethyl-methyldimethoxysilane, 2-methacryloxethyltrimethoxysilane, 2, acryloxyethyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-methylacryloxypropyl, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, 2-methacryloxyethyltriethoxysliane and 2-acryloxythyltriethosxysilane.
9. The curable composition of claim 2 wherein the colloidal silica is reacted with from about 5 to about 60 weight percent thereof of functionalized silane.
10. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the nominal median particle size of the colloidal silica does not exceed about 250 nm.
11. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the nominal median particle size of the colloidal silica does not exceed about 50 nm.
12. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the nominal median particle size of the colloidal silica does not exceed about 25 nm.
13. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the aliphatic cyclic acrylate possesses at least two acrylate functionalities and the epoxy resin possesses at least two epoxide functionalities.
14. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the aliphatic cyclic acrylate is at least one of a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic acrylate.
15. The curable composition of claim 14 wherein the aliphatic cyclic acrylate monomer is represented by the formula:
wherein R can be H or alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a is 1 to 3, b is 1 to 3, m is 0 to 6, n is 0 to 6 and X is a spacer group selected from one or more of the following:
or derivatives there in which p is 1 to 4.
16. The curable composition of claim 15 wherein the aliphatic cyclic acrylate monomer is represented by the formula
wherein each R is H or \u2014CH3.
17. The curable composition of claim 14 wherein the aliphatic cyclic acrylate is at least one member selected from the group consisting of cyclohexylacrylate, cyclohexylmethacrylate, cyclohexyldiacrylate, cyclohexyldimethacrylate, norbornyl acrylate, norbornyl methacrylate, norbornyl methacrylate and norbornyl dimethacrylate.
18. The curable composition of claim 1 wherein the urethane diacrylate monomer is the reaction product of an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane derived from a polyether or polyester diol and a hydroxyl-terminated acrylate and, optionally, contains an acrylate diluent having a viscosity that is lower than that of the urethane diacrylate.
19. The curable composition of claim 16 wherein the urethane diacrylate is an aliphatic urethane diacrylate, optionally diluted with a viscosity-reducing amount of acrylate to provide a viscosity of the mixture of from about 50 to about 10,000 cps at 25\xb0 C.
20. The curable composition of claim 13 wherein the curable multifunctional epoxy resin monomer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of. glycidyl esters of mono- and dicarboxylic acids, alkyl glycidyl ethers such as butyl glycidyl ether, phenylglycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, 3-cyclohexenylmethyl-3-cyclohexenylcarboxylate diepoxide, 2-(3,4-epoxy)cyclohexyl-5,5-spiro-(3,4-epoxy)cyclohexane-m-dioxane, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane-carboxylate, 3,4-epoxy-6-methycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexane-carboxylate, vinyl cyclohexanedioxide, bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl)adipate, bis(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl)adipate, exo-exo bis(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl)ether, endo-exo bis(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl)ether, 2,2-bis(4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-cyclohexyl)propane, 2,6-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxycyclohexyl-p-dioxane), 2,6-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)norbornene, the diglycidylether of linoleic acid dimer, limonene dioxide, 2,2-bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)propane, dicyclopentadiene dioxide, 1,2-epoxy-6-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)hexahydro-4,7-methanoindane, p-(2,3-epoxy)cyclopentylphenyl-2,3-epoxypropylether, 1-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenyl-5,6-epoxy-hexadydro-4,7-methanoindane, o-(2,3-epoxy)cyclopentylphenyl-2,3-epoxypropyl ether), 1,2-bis(5-(1,2-epoxy)-4,7-hexahydromethanoindanoxyl)ethane, cyclopentenylphenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexanediol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl hexahydrophthalate, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and bisphenol F, alkyl glycidyl ethers; alkyl- and alkenyl-glycidyl esters; alkyl-, mono- and poly-phenol glycidyl ethers; polyglycidyl ethers of pyrocatechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxydiphenyl methane, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxy-3,3\u2032-dimethyldiphenyl methane, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxydiphenyl dimethyl methane, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxydiphenyl methyl methane, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxydiphenyl cyclohexane, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxy-3,3\u2032-dimethyldiphenyl propane, 4,4\u2032-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, and tris(4-hydroxyphyenyl)methane; polyglycidyl ethers of the chlorination and bromination products of the above-mentioned diphenols; polyglycidyl ethers of novolacs; polyglycidyl ethers of diphenols obtained by esterifying ethers of diphenols obtained by esterifying salts of an aromatic hydrocarboxylic acid with a dihaloalkane or dihalogen dialkyl ether; polyglycidyl ethers of polyphenols obtained by condensing phenols and long-chain halogen paraffins containing at least two halogen atoms; phenol novolac epoxy resin; cresol novolac epoxy resin and sorbitol glycidyl ether.
21. The curable composition of claim 1 in which the epoxy resin monomer is combined with an alcohol.
22. The curable composition of claim 21 wherein the alcohol is a multifunctional alcohol.
23. The curable composition of claim 21 wherein the alcohol is a hydroxyl-containing oxetane.
24. The curable composition of claim 23 wherein the oxetane is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyloxetane, 3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyloxetane, 3-hydroxymethyl-3-amyloxetane, 3-hydroxymethyl-3-phenoxymethyloxetane, 3-hydroxymethyl-3-p-tert.-butyl-phenoxymethyloxetane, 3-hydroxymethyl-3-octyloxetane and 3-hydroxymethyl-3-benzyloxetane.
25. The cured composition of claim 1.
26. The cured composition of claim 6.
27. The cured composition of claim 7.
28. The cured composition of claim 13.
29. The cured composition of claim 14.
30. The cured composition of claim 18.
31. The cured composition of claim 20.
32. The cured composition of claim 21.
33. An article which comprises a substrate and the cured composition of claim 1 adhered to at least a portion of a surface thereof
34. The article of claim 31 where the substrate is at least one of synthetic polymer, metal, metal alloy, glass, ceramic or wood.
35. The article of claim 31 which is an optical information storage medium.
36. The article of claim 31 which is a Blu-ray Disc.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone encoded with information, the information comprising:
substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other;
first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability;
first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus;
second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and
second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus,
wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and
wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information.
2. A DVD information record medium according to claim 1, wherein the first reproduction control information and the second reproduction control information prescribe a reproduction of a same portion of the substantial information.
3. A DVD information record medium according to claim 1, wherein
the first reproduction control information divides the substantial information into a plurality of first information units and prescribes a reproduction control of the first information units, and
the second reproduction control information divides the substantial information into a plurality of second information units, which are different from the first information units, and prescribes a reproduction control of the second information units.
4. A DVD information record medium according to claim 1, wherein the second reproduction control information prescribes a reproduction of the substantial information in a reproduction order, which is different from that of the first reproduction control information, with respect to a same portion of the substantial information.
5. A DVD information record medium according to claim 1, further comprising another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
6. A DVD information record medium according to claim 1, wherein the first reproducing apparatus is a video player.
7. A DVD information record medium according to claim 1, wherein the second reproducing apparatus is an audio only player.
8. An information reproducing apparatus for reproducing a DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
said information reproducing apparatus comprising:
a reading device which reads the substantial information, the first reproduction control information and the second reproduction control information from said DVD information record medium; and
a reproducing device which reproduces the substantial information in accordance with the first management information and the first reproduction control information when a reproduction of the video information and the audio information is instructed, and reproduces the substantial information in accordance with the second management information and the second reproduction control information when a reproduction of only the audio information is instructed.
9. An information reproducing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the DVD information record medium further comprises another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
10. An information reproducing apparatus for reproducing a DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
said information reproducing apparatus comprising:
a reading device which reads the substantial information and the first reproduction control information from said DVD information record medium; and
a reproducing device which reproduces the substantial information in accordance with the first management information and the first reproduction control information when a reproduction of the video information and the audio information is instructed.
11. An information reproducing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the DVD information record medium further comprises another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
12. An information reproducing apparatus for reproducing a DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
said information reproducing apparatus comprising:
a reading device which reads the substantial information and the second reproduction control information from said DVD information record medium; and
a reproducing device which reproduces the substantial information in accordance with the second management information and the second reproduction control information when a reproduction of only the audio information is instructed.
13. An information reproducing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the DVD information record medium further comprises another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
14. An information reproducing method for reproducing a DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
said information reproducing method comprising:
a reading process for reading the substantial information, the first reproduction control information and the second reproduction control information from said DVD information record medium; and
a reproducing process for reproducing the substantial information in accordance with the first management information and the first reproduction control information when a reproduction of the video information and the audio information is instructed, and reproducing the substantial information in accordance with the second management information and the second reproduction control information when a reproduction of only the audio information is instructed.
15. An information reproducing method according to claim 14, wherein the DVD information record medium further comprises another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
16. An information reproducing method for reproducing a DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
said information reproducing method comprising:
a reading process for reading the substantial information and the first reproduction control information from said DVD information record medium; and
a reproducing process for reproducing the substantial information in accordance with the first management information and the first reproduction control information when a reproduction of the video information and the audio information is instructed.
17. An information reproducing method according to claim 16, wherein the DVD information record medium further comprises another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
18. An information reproducing method for reproducing a DVD information record medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of the substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
said information reproducing method comprising:
a reading process for reading the substantial information and the second reproduction control information from said DVD information record medium; and
a reproducing process for reproducing the substantial information in accordance with the second management information and the second reproduction control information when a reproduction of only the audio information is instructed.
19. An information reproducing method according to claim 18, wherein the DVD information record medium further comprises another substantial information including only audio information recorded in the audio zone.
20. An information reproducing apparatus with video reproduction ability for reproducing a DVD information recording medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
the information reproducing apparatus comprising:
a reading device which reads the first management information, the substantial information, and the first reproduction control information; and
a reproduction device which reproduces the substantial information in accordance with the first management information and the first reproduction control information.
21. An information reproducing apparatus with audio only reproduction ability for reproducing a DVD information recording medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising; substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
the information reproducing apparatus comprising:
a reading device which reads the second management information, the substantial information, and the second reproduction control information; and
a reproduction device which reproduces the substantial information in accordance with the second management information and the second reproduction control information.
22. An information reproducing method with video reproduction ability for reproducing a DVD information recording medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising: substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
the information reproducing method comprising:
a reading process for reading the first management information, the substantial information, and the first reproduction control information; and
a reproduction process for reproducing the substantial information in accordance with the first management information and the first reproduction control information.
23. An information reproducing method with audio only reproduction ability for reproducing a DVD information recording medium having an audio zone and a video zone comprising; substantial information including video information and audio information which are related to each other; first reproduction control information to reproduce the video information and audio information out of substantial information only for a first reproducing apparatus with video and audio reproduction ability; first management information only for the first reproducing apparatus; second reproduction control information to reproduce only the audio information out of the substantial information only for a second reproducing apparatus that is able to reproduce audio, but is not able to reproduce video; and second management information only for the second reproducing apparatus, wherein the substantial information, the first reproduction control information, and the first management information are recorded in the video zone, and the second reproduction control information and the second management information are recorded in the audio zone, and wherein the first reproduction control information is Video Title Set Information (VTSI), the first management information is Video Manager (VMG) information, the second reproduction control information is Audio Title Set Information (ATSI), and the second management information is Audio Manager (AMG) information,
the information reproducing method comprising:
a reading process for reading the second management information, the substantial information, and the second reproduction control information; and
a reproduction process for reproducing the substantial information in accordance with the second management information and the second reproduction control information.

1. A method of making a metalmetal oxide nanoparticle dispersed graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising:
providing a substantially solid metal salt-graphite oxide composite; and
exposing the metal salt-graphite oxide composite to intensified electromagnetic radiation to form the metalmetal oxide nanoparticles dispersed graphene nanocomposite by reducing the metal salt to a metal or metal oxide and the graphite oxide to graphene.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is selected from visible light, sunlight, simulated sunlight, a combination thereof, a selected portion thereof, or a combination of selected portions thereof intensified to suitable power.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the intensified electromagnetic radiation provides about 0.65 Wcm2-1.95 Wcm2.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the intensified electromagnetic radiation causes a temperature increase to about 300\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein, prior to the exposing step, the intensified electromagnetic radiation is provided by at least one of:
a) passing electromagnetic radiation through at least one refractile material;
b) passing the electromagnetic radiation through at least one converging lens; and
c) reflecting the electromagnetic radiation off of one or more converging mirrors.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the exposing step is performed for no more than about 10 minutes per 100 mg of metal salt-graphite oxide composite.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt-graphite oxide composite comprises a metal salt selected from iron salts, copper salts, nickel salts, gold salts, silver salts, platinum salts, palladium salts, cobalt salts, zinc salts, cerium salts and ruthenium salts, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal salt-graphite oxide composite comprises a metal salt selected from halide salts, sulphate salts, acetate salts, and nitrate salts of iron, copper, nickel, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, cobalt, ruthenium and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt-graphite oxide composite comprises a metal salt selected from FeCl2, CuCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2, AgCl, HAuCl2, HAuCl4, AgNO3, H2PtCl6, H2PdCl4, RuCl2, Co(NO3)2, AgC2H3O2, CuSO4, FeSO4, SnCl2, ZnCl2, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, CrCl3, metal acetates and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the intensified electromagnetic radiation reduces the metal salt to a metal or metal oxide and the graphite oxide to graphene.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt-graphite oxide composite comprises a metal salt selected from AgCl, HAuCl4, HAuCl2, HAuCl4, AgNO3, H2PtCl6, H2PdCl4, RuCl2, SnCl2, ZnCl2, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, CrCl3, and metal acetates, which is reduced to a corresponding metal selected from Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Sn, Ce and Cr.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt-graphite oxide composite comprises a metal salt selected from FeCl2, CuCl2, CoCl2 NiCl2, SnCl2, ZnCl2, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, and CrCl3, which is reduced to a corresponding metal oxide selected from Fe2O3, CuO, CoO, NiO, SnO2, ZnO, CeO2, and CrO2.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially solid metal salt graphite oxide composite is prepared by:
dispersing graphite oxide in a solvent to form a dispersion;
adding a metal salt to the dispersion; and
drying the resultant material to yield a substantially solid metal salt-graphite oxide composite.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein dispersing the graphite oxide in a solvent further comprises dispersing the graphite oxide in the solvent by ultrasonication.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the solvent comprises water.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt and graphite oxide are reduced simultaneously.
17. A nanocomposite comprising:
a graphene sheet; and
a plurality of nanoparticles of at least one metal or metal oxide dispersed on the graphene sheet.
18. The nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the at least one metal or metal oxide is selected from Fe2O3, CuO, NiO, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Co, Ru, CoO, RuO2, SnO2, ZnO, CeO2, CrO2, and combinations thereof.
19. The nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the graphene sheet defines two sides, and the nanoparticles of the at least one metal or metal oxide are dispersed substantially evenly on both the two sides of the graphene sheet.
20. The nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises a plurality of graphene sheets, each of which contains dispersed nanoparticles of at least one metal or metal oxide.
21. The nanocomposite of claim 17 wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are non-magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles or combinations of thereof.
22. The nanocomposite of claim 17, where the graphene sheet is coated with 10-15 nm Ag nanoparticles distributed in a face centered cubic structure of Ag.
23. The composition of claim 17, graphene sheets are coated with about 12-18 nm Au nanoparticles with face centered cubic structure.
24. The nanocomposite of claim 17, where the graphene sheet is coated with about 12-20 nm CuO nanoparticles, about 9-18 nm NiO nanoparticles, about 34-50 nm magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles, or combinations thereof.
25. The graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanocomposite comprises less than 2 at. % chlorine.
26. The nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanoparticles are metals, and the oxygen content in the nanocomposite is less than about 7 at. %.
27. The nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanoparticles are metal oxides, and the oxygen content in the nanocomposite is less than about 15 at. %.
28. The method of claim 4, wherein the temperature increase is at a rate of about 75\xb0 C. per second to about 200\xb0 C. per second.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An electric motor, comprising:
an electric motor shaft;
a rotor which rotates about the electric motor shaft;
a stator disposed in an outer periphery of the rotor;
a housing which houses the rotor and the electric motor shaft;
a sealing body formed in the housing, the sealing body being formed of sealant made of synthetic resin material having a heat conductive property and electrical insulation property, the sealant having been injected so as to cover at least a coil end of the stator;
a temperature sensitive device disposed in the housing and configured to be operated in response to temperature;
an end cover to be mounted on an axial end of the housing; and
a retaining member having elasticity, wherein:
the electric motor shaft is disposed to pass through the end cover;
the sealing body has surfaces including a temperature-sensitive-device support surface opposed to the end cover; and
the temperature sensitive device is retained between the end cover and the temperature-sensitive-device support surface in a state that the retaining member is interposed between the temperature sensitive device and the end cover.
2. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensitive device is a temperature measuring device; the sealing body has a surface formed with a recess portion, the surface being a surface covering a radial inner surface of the coil end; and the recess portion includes a surface which is opposed to the end cover and forms the temperature-sensitive-device support surface.
3. The electric motor according to claim 2, wherein the recess portion is formed only in a circumferential part of the sealing body.
4. The electric motor according to claim 2, wherein the end cover has an inner surface including a center portion formed with a projection portion projecting axially inward of the end cover beyond a portion of the inner surface of the end cover other than the projection portion, the projection portion being opposed to the recess portion with a gap radially of the electric motor, and the retaining member is retained between the temperature sensitive device and the end cover so as to bridge the gap.
5. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitive device is a temperature measuring device, and the retaining member is formed of a material having a property of making heat conduction between the temperature sensitive device and the end cover be smaller than heat conduction between the sealing body and the temperature sensitive device.
6. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the retaining member and the temperature sensitive device are adhered to each other to be integral with each other.
7. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein a conductive wire is connected to the temperature sensitive device, and a space portion devoid of the sealing body is formed between the coil end and the housing, the conductive wire being disposed in the space portion.