All The Claims

1. A pipe assembly for use in a boiler, the pipe assembly comprising a pipe having an outer wall adapted for heat exchange, the pipe having heat sensing means located in a recess section of the outer wall thereof, wherein an internal bore of the pipe has a substantially constant cross section in the region of the heat sensing means.
2. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pipe comprises a diagnostic portion.
3. A pipe assembly according to claim 2, wherein the diagnostic portion incorporates the recess in the outer wall of the pipe and the heat sensing means.
4. A pipe assembly according to claim 2, wherein internal bore comprises a kink at the diagnostic portion.
5. A pipe assembly according to any of claims 2, wherein at the diagnostic portion, a longitudinal axis of the internal bore curves away from a generally straight longitudinal axis, before curving back to resume its straight longitudinal axis.
6. A pipe assembly according to any of claims 2, wherein the pipe comprises a pre-diagnostic portion situated at a first side of the diagnostic portion and a post-diagnostic portion situated at a second side of the diagnostic portion.
7. A pipe assembly according to claim 6, wherein the longitudinal axis of the internal bore at the pre-diagnostic portion and the post-diagnostic portion are substantially co-linear.
8. A pipe assembly according to claim 6, wherein the S region of the heat sensing means incorporates the pre-diagnostic portion, the diagnostic portion and the post-diagnostic portion.
9. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the region of the heat sensing means incorporates a section of the pipe incorporating the heat sensing means and a one metre section of the pipe at either side thereof.
10. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the recess section is filled using a filler material.
11. A pipe assembly according to claim 10, wherein the recess section is filled such as the outer surface is restored to match an outer profile of the rest of the pipe surrounding the recess section.
12. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the internal bore is substantially circular in cross section.
13. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the internal bore extends generally along a 30 longitudinal axis of the pipe.
14. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the internal bore is adapted to allow a fluid to flow therethrough.
15. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pipe assembly further comprises joining means adapted to allow the pipe assembly to be joined to other pipe assemblies.
16. A pipe assembly according to claim 15, wherein the joining means comprise at least one joining rib.
17. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heat sensing means comprises at least one thermocouple.
18. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, which further comprises trunking means adapted to accommodate wires of the heat sensing means.
19. A pipe assembly according to claim 1, which further comprises attachment means adapted to allow the pipe assembly to be attached to a surface.
20. A method of monitoring heat transfer across a heat exchange surface of a pipe assembly, the method comprising the step of:
monitoring an output from heat sensing means which heat sensing means are located in a recess section of an outer wall of a pipe, the pipe comprising an internal bore extending therethrough, wherein the internal bore has a substantially constant cross section in the region of the heat sensing means.
21. A method of manufacturing a pipe assembly comprising the steps of:
i) bending a pipe having an internal bore extending therethrough to create a recess section in an outer wall thereof, while maintaining a substantially constant cross section of the internal bore;
ii) locating heat sensing means in the recess section; and
iii) using a filler material to fill the recess section.
22. A diagnostic boiler pipe assembly, the assembly comprising a pipe having an outer wall adapted for heat exchange, the pipe having heat sensing means located in a recess section of the outer wall thereof, wherein an internal bore of the pipe has a substantially constant cross section in the region of the sensing means.
23. A boiler comprising a pipe assembly, which pipe assembly comprises a pipe having an outer wall adapted for heat exchange, the pipe having heat sensing means located in a recess section of the outer wall thereof, wherein an internal bore of the pipe has a substantially constant cross section in the region of the sensing means.
24-28. (canceled)

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A prosthesis for replacement of at least part of a knee joint comprising:
a tibial articular component having a medial compartment defining a medial tibial articular surface and a lateral compartment defining a lateral tibial articular surface; and
a femoral articular component having a medial condylar articular surface and a lateral condylar articular surface for bearing on the medial tibial articular surface and the lateral tibial articular surface, respectively;
wherein the medial condylar articular surface and the lateral condylar articular surface are substantially symmetric with each other for portions of the medial and the lateral condylar articular surfaces corresponding to angles of less than approximately 90\xb0 flexion and are asymmetric for portions of the medial and the lateral condylar articular surfaces corresponding to angles of approximately 90\xb0 and greater angles of flexion.
2. The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the medial tibial articular surface and the lateral tibial articular surface are substantially symmetric with each other.
3. The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the lateral and medial condylar articular surfaces are of substantially constant radius for portions of the medial and the lateral condylar articular surfaces corresponding to angles of less than approximately 90\xb0 flexion.
4. The prosthesis of claim 3 wherein the medial condylar articular surface is of substantially constant radius for a portion of the medial condylar articular surface corresponding to substantially all of the range of motion of the prosthesis and the lateral condylar articular surface has a smaller radius than the radius of the medial condylar articular surface a portion of the lateral condylar articular surface corresponding to angles of greater than approximately 90\xb0 flexion.
5. The prosthesis of claim 4 wherein the medial condylar articular surface has a radius smaller than the constant radius for a portion of the medial condylar articular surface corresponding to the last approximately 40\xb0 of flexion of the range of motion of the prosthesis.
6. the prosthesis of claim 4 wherein the medial condylar articular surface is proud of the lateral condylar articular surface for all portions of the medial and the lateral condylar articular surfaces corresponding to angles of greater than approximately 90\xb0 flexion.
7. The prosthesis of claim 4 wherein the medial tibial articular surface and the lateral tibial articular surface are substantially torroidal in shape.
8. The prosthesis of claim 7 wherein the lateral tibial articular surface has a larger surface area and extends farther in the anterior direction than the medial tibial articular surface.
9. The prosthesis of claim 7 wherein the lateral femoral condylar articular surface is less congruent with the tibial lateral articular surface in the saggital plane than is the medial femoral condylar articulating surface with the medial tibial articular surface.
10. The prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising:
a post on the tibial articular component between the medial compartment and the lateral compartment extending substantially cranially; and
a cam on the femoral articular component extending substantially in a medial-lateral direction between the lateral condylar articular surface and the medial condylar articular surface;
wherein one of the post and the cam is partially symmetric and partially asymmetric such that the interaction of the post and the cam during articulation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component does not bias any rotation of the tibial articular component relative to the femoral articular component at relative orientations corresponding to knee flexion of less than 60\xb0 of knee flexion and the interaction of the post and the cam during articulation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component biases internal rotation of the tibial articular component relative to the femoral articular component at relative orientations corresponding to knee flexion of greater than 110\xb0 of knee flexion.
11. The prosthesis of claim 10 wherein the cam has a bearing surface for bearing against the post and the asymmetry is on the cam bearing surface and the cam bearing surface is substantially catenoid shaped and the asymmetry comprises an enlargement of the cam bearing surface on a lateral side of the cam, the asymmetry located such that it becomes congruent with the post at angular orientations of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component corresponding to angles of greater than 110\xb0 of knee flexion.
12. The prosthesis of claim 11 wherein the cam bearing surface comprises a symmetric portion and an asymmetric portion and is shaped and positioned on the femoral articular component relative to the post on the tibial articular component such that the cam and post do not contact each other at angular orientations of the femoral and tibial articular components to each other corresponding to knee flexion of less than 60\xb0, the symmetric portion of the cam bearing surface first contacts the post at an angular orientation of the femoral and tibial articular components to each other corresponding to knee flexion of between 60\xb0 and 80\xb0, the symmetric portion of the cam remains congruent with the post at angular orientations of the femoral and tibial articular components to each other corresponding to knee flexion for the first 20\xb0 to 30\xb0 of rotation after first contact, and the asymmetric portion of the cam bearing surface contacts the post at an angular orientation of the femoral and tibial articular components to each other corresponding to knee flexion of between 80\xb0 and 110\xb0 and remains congruent with the post for relative orientations of the femoral and tibial articular components corresponding to deeper angles of knee flexion.
13. A prosthesis for replacement of at least part of a knee joint comprising:
a tibial articular component having a medial compartment defining a medial tibial articular surface, a lateral compartment defining a lateral tibial articular surface, and a post between the medial compartment and the lateral compartment extending substantially cranially; and
a femoral articular component having a medial condylar articular surface or bearing on the medial tibial articular surface, a lateral condylar articular surface for bearing on the lateral tibial articular surface, and a cam extending substantially in a medial-lateral direction between the lateral condylar articular surface and the medial condylar articular surface;
wherein one of the post and the cam is partially symmetric and partially asymmetric such that the interaction of the post and the cam during articulation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component does not bias any rotation of the tibial articular component relative to the femoral articular component at relative orientations corresponding to knee flexion of less than 60\xb0 of knee flexion and the interaction of the post and the cam during articulation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component biases internal rotation of the tibial articular component relative to the femoral articular component at relative orientations corresponding to knee flexion of greater than 110\xb0 of knee flexion.
14. The prosthesis of claim 13 wherein the cam has a bearing surface for bearing against the post and the asymmetry is on the cam bearing surface and the cam bearing surface is substantially catenoid shaped and the asymmetry comprises an enlargement of the cam bearing surface on a lateral side of the cam, the asymmetry located such that it is congruent with the post at angular orientations of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component corresponding to angles of greater than 110\xb0 of knee flexion.
15. The prosthesis of claim 14 wherein the asymmetry first becomes congruent with the post at an angular orientation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component corresponding to an angle of knee flexion in the range of about 80\xb0 to about 110\xb0.
16. The prosthesis of claim 15 wherein the cam is positioned on the femoral articular component relative to the position of the post on the tibial articular component such that the cam and post do not contact each other at relative angular orientations corresponding to knee flexion of less than 60\xb0.
17. The prosthesis of claim 15 wherein the cam is positioned on the femoral articular component relative to the position of the post on the tibial articular component such that the cam and post do not contact each other at relative angular orientations corresponding to knee flexion of less than 60\xb0, contacts the post at relative angular orientations corresponding to knee flexion of between 60\xb0 and 80\xb0, and remains in contact with the post at relative angular orientations corresponding to deeper knee flexion.
18. The prosthesis of claim 17 wherein the cam bearing surface comprises a symmetric portion and an asymmetric portion wherein the cam is shaped and positioned on the femoral articular component relative to the post on the tibial articular component such that the symmetric portion of the cam is congruent with the post at relative angles of orientation corresponding to the first 20\xb0 to 30\xb0 of knee flexion including and after first contact of the cam and the post, and the asymmetric portion of the cam is congruent with the post for relative angular orientations of the femoral articular component and the tibial articular component corresponding to deeper angles of knee flexion.
19. The prosthesis of claim 13 wherein the cam is located posteriorly of the post.
20. The prosthesis of claim 19 wherein the post comprises a posteriorly-facing bearing surface for the cam, the bearing surface comprising a segment of a cylindrical surface.
21. A prosthesis for replacement of at least part of a knee joint comprising:
a tibial articular component having a medial compartment defining a medial tibial articular surface, a lateral compartment defining a lateral tibial articular surface, and a first formation between the medial compartment and the lateral compartment; and
a femoral articular component having a medial condylar articular surface for bearing on the medial tibial articular surface, a lateral condylar articular surface for bearing on the lateral tibial articular surface, and a second formation between the lateral condylar articular surface and the medial condylar articular surface for bearing on the first formation of the tibial articular component;
wherein at least one of the first and second formations is partially symmetric and partially asymmetric such that the interaction of the first and second formations during articulation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component does not bias any rotation of the tibial articular component relative to the femoral articular component at relative orientations corresponding to knee flexion of less than 60\xb0 of knee flexion and the interaction of the femoral and tibial formations during articulation of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component biases internal rotation of the tibial articular component relative to the femoral articular component at relative orientations corresponding to knee flexion of greater than 110\xb0 of knee flexion; and
wherein the first formation is a post extending substantially cranially and the second formation is a cam extending substantially in a medial-lateral direction and wherein the cam has a bearing surface for bearing against the post and the cam bearing surface is substantially catenoid shaped and the asymmetry comprises an enlargement of the cam bearing surface on a lateral side of the cam, the asymmetry located such that it is congruent with the post at angular orientations of the femoral articular component relative to the tibial articular component corresponding to angles of greater than 110\xb0 of knee flexion.

1. A method for generating an Environmental Genetic Composite Index (EGCI) score for a disease or condition for an individual comprising:
(a) generating a genomic profile from a genetic sample of said individual;
(b) obtaining at least one environmental factor from said individual, wherein said at least one environmental factor has a relative risk for said disease or condition of at least approximately 1;
(c) generating an EGCI score from said genomic profile and said at least one environmental factor using a computer; and,
(d) reporting said EGCI score obtained and outputted from said computer to said individual or a health care manager of said individual.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said relative risk is at least approximately 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said relative risk is at least approximately 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 25, 40, 45, or 50.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one environmental factor has an odds ratio (OR) of at least approximately 1.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said OR is at least approximately 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said OR is at least approximately 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 25, 40, 45, or 50.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one environmental factor is selected from the group consisting of: said individual’s birthplace, location of residency, lifestyle conditions; diet, exercise habits, and personal relationships.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said lifestyle condition is smoking or alcohol intake.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one environmental factor is a physical measurement of said individual.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said physical measurement of said individual is selected from the group consisting of: body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, glucose level, metabolite level, ion level, weight, height, cholesterol level, vitamin level, blood cell count, protein level, and transcript level.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating said EGCI score uses at least 2 environmental factors.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein generating said EGCI score assumes said at least one environmental factor is an independent risk factor for said disease or condition.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said disease or condition has a heritability of less than approximately 95%.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said disease or condition has a heritability of less than approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein a third party obtains said genetic sample.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein generating said genomic profile is by a third party.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said reporting comprises transmission of said EGCI score over a network.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein said reporting is through an on-line portal.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein said reporting is by paper or by e-mail.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein said reporting comprises reporting in a secure manner.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein said reporting comprises reporting in a non-secure manner.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein said genetic sample is DNA.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein said genetic sample is RNA.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein said genetic sample is from a biological sample selected from the group consisting of: blood, hair, skin, saliva, semen, urine, fecal material, sweat, and buccal sample.
25. The method of claim 1, wherein said individual’s genomic profile is deposited into a secure database or vault.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein said genomic profile is a single nucleotide polymorphism profile.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein said genomic profile comprises truncations, insertions, deletions, or repeats.
28. The method of claim 1, wherein said genomic profile is generated using a high density DNA microarray.
29. The method of claim 1, wherein said genomic profile is generated using RT-PCR.
30. The method of claim 1, wherein said genomic profile is generated using DNA sequencing.
31. The method of claim 1, further comprising (e) updating said EGCI score with additional or modified environmental factors.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. Microcapsules having walls obtained by polyaddition of at least one polyisocyanate and at least one polyamine in an aqueous emulsion comprising a protein hydrolysate emulsifier.
2. Microcapsules according to claim 1 prepared using an at least bifunctional isocyanate containing on average at least one ester andor amide group per mole in the main chain.
3. Microcapsules according to claim 1 prepared using an isocyanate or an isocyanate mixture containing 100 to 1% by weight of isocyanates having on average at least one ester andor amide group per mole in the main chain and 0 to 99% by weight of at least one other bifunctional isocyanate.
4. Microcapsules according to claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate has been partly reacted with a salt-forming andor hydrophilicizing compound.
5. Microcapsules according to claim 4 wherein the hydrophilicizing compound contains polyether chains.
6. Microcapsules according to claim 1 wherein the microcapsule walls encapsulate a leucodye, a perfume oil, a crop protection agent, a reactive adhesive, or a pharmaceutical.
7. Microcapsules according to claim 1 prepared in the presence of a hydrophobic solvent selected from the group consisting of cotton seed oil, peanut oil, palm oil, and castor oil.
8. Method for preparing carbonless paper comprising encapsulating a leucodye in a microcapsule according to claim 1 and applying the encapsulated leucodye to a substrate.
9. Process for preparing microcapsules comprising
(a) emulsifying an oil phase comprising an organic water-immiscible isocyanate-inert solvent, a material to be encapsulated, and at least one polyisocyanate in a water phase comprising a protein hydrolysate as emulsifier with or without additives, and
(b) adding to the emulsion an NH2-containing crosslinker (polyamine) capable of reaction with isocyanate groups.