1. A fiber aligner comprising:
a thin strip of elastically flexible material; and
a plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the thin strip.
2. The fiber aligner of claim 1, wherein the thin strip includes a first side and a second side, and at least one of the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas is formed on the first side and another of the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas is formed on the second side.
3. The fiber aligner of claim 1, wherein the thin strip includes a first side and a second side, and the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas includes first and second piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the first side and third and fourth piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the second side.
4. The fiber aligner of claim 3, wherein the first piezoelectric-material-coated area is opposite the third piezoelectric-material-coated area and the second piezoelectric-material-coated area is opposite the fourth piezoelectric-material-coated area.
5. The fiber aligner of claim 1, wherein the thin strip of elastically flexible material is formed of a material from a group consisting of spring steel, beryllium copper, and fiber reinforced polymer.
6. The fiber aligner of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric-material-coated areas are coated with a piezoelectric material taken from a group consisting of barium and titanate.
7. The fiber aligner of claim 1, wherein the thin strip includes a first end configured to attach to a fiber support and a second end configured to attach to a mounting block.
8. The fiber aligner of claim 7, wherein the thin strip of elastically flexible material and the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the thin strip are configured to move a fiber loaded in the fiber support in a first direction.
9. The fiber aligner of claim 8, wherein the thin strip of elastically flexible material and the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the thin strip are also configured to move the fiber loaded in the fiber support in a second direction, which is substantially orthogonal to the first direction.
10. The fiber aligner of claim 7, wherein the thin strip of elastically flexible material and the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the thin strip are configured to move a fiber loaded in the fiber support in a rotational direction.
11. The fiber aligner of claim 1, further comprising:
a view angle detector configured to detect an angular misalignment of two optical fibers.
12. The fiber aligner of claim 11, further comprising:
a feedback loop configured to selectively deliver voltages to the a plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the thin strip to cause a deflection in the thin strip that substantially aligns the two optical fibers.
13. A fiber splicing system comprising:
a fiber support configured to hold at least one fiber;
a fiber aligner coupled to the fiber support, the fiber aligner comprising:
a thin strip of elastically flexible material; and
a plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the thin strip; and
a splicer configured to splice the at least one optical fiber with another optical fiber.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the thin strip includes a first side and a second side, and at least one of the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas is formed on the first side and another of the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas is formed on the second side.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the thin strip includes a first side and a second side, and the plurality of piezoelectric-material-coated areas includes first and second piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the first side and third and fourth piezoelectric-material-coated areas formed on the second side.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first piezoelectric-material-coated area is opposite the third piezoelectric-material-coated area and the second piezoelectric-material-coated area is opposite the fourth piezoelectric-material-coated area.
17. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
a view angle detector configured to detect an angular misalignment of the at least one optical fiber with the other optical fiber.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A piston for use in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the piston having a crown portion extending away from a top end of the piston, an oval barrelled skirt depending from the crown so as to define a bottom end of the piston and a contact zone on a thrust side of the barrelled skirt and a contact zone on an anti-thrust side of the barrelled skirt wherein:
the contact zone on the thrust side has a longitudinal axis bounded on a first side by a column of spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets and bounded on a second side by a column of spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets, a central portion of the contact zone free of closed ended elongated pockets and extending a length of the columns of spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets; and
the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the column on the first side having longitudinal axes arranged at an acute angle \u03b8 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the contact zone on the thrust side, the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the column on the second side having longitudinal axes arranged at the acute angle \u03b8 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the contact zone on the thrust side, the acute angle \u03b8 being less than 90 degrees and positive for the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the column on the first side of spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets, the acute angle \u03b8 being negative for the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the column on the second side.
2. The piston of claim 1 wherein a transverse axis of the contact zone divides the column of spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets on the first side and the column of spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets on the second side into a pair of upper groups and a pair of lower groups, wherein the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets located in the pair of upper groups include ends nearest the bottom end of the piston being ends nearest the longitudinal axis of the contact zone on the thrust side, and wherein the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets located in the pair of lower groups include ends nearest the top end of the piston being ends nearest the longitudinal axis of the contact zone on the thrust side.
3. The piston of claim 2 wherein the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of upper groups are arranged in a herringbone pattern directed towards the transverse axis.
4. The piston of claim 2 wherein each of the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of upper groups has an inner end and an outer end and the inner end of each spaced apart closed ended elongate pocket is located further from the top end of the piston than the outer end of each spaced apart closed ended elongate pocket.
5. The piston of claim 2 wherein each of the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of upper groups has an inner end and an outer end and each of the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of upper groups has the inner end located nearer to the longitudinal axis of the contact zone on the thrust side than the outer end.
6. The piston of claim 1 wherein a transverse axis of the contact zone on the thrust side divides each column into a pair of upper groups and a pair of lower groups and the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets located in the pair of lower groups are oriented so as to reduce flow of oil from the central portion during downward motion of the piston.
7. The piston of claim 6 wherein the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of lower groups are arranged in a herringbone pattern directed towards the transverse axis.
8. The piston of claim 6 wherein each of the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of lower groups has an inner end and an outer end and the inner end of each spaced apart closed ended elongate pocket is located nearer to the top end of the piston than the outer end.
9. The piston of claim 6 wherein each of the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of lower groups has an inner end and an outer end and each of the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets in the pair of lower groups has the inner end located nearer to the longitudinal axis of the contact zone on the thrust side than the outer end.
10. The piston of claim 1 wherein the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets are oriented so as to encourage flow of oil into the central portion of the respective contact zone during use of the piston.
11. The piston of claim 1 wherein the longitudinal axis of the contact zone is arranged coincident with a line joining high points on a surface of the oval barreled skirt.
12. The piston of claim 2 wherein the transverse axis of the contact zone is arranged substantially coincident with a line joining high points on a surface of the oval barreled skirt.
13. The piston of claim 1 wherein the contact zone on the thrust side has a coating formed thereon and the spaced apart closed ended elongate pockets are formed in the coating.
14. A piston for use in a crank-slider arrangement, the piston having contact zones on thrust and anti-thrust sides of a skirt of the piston, comprising:
a column of a first group of closed ended elongate pockets on a first side of a contact zone on the thrust side of the skirt, the contact zone being free of closed ended elongate pockets and extending a length of the column, the column of the first group of closed ended elongate pockets including longitudinal axes, and a column of a second group of closed ended elongate pockets on a second side of the contact zone, the column of the second group of closed ended elongate pockets including longitudinal axes, wherein the longitudinal axes of the column of the first group of closed ended elongate pockets and the longitudinal axes of the column of the second group of closed ended elongate pockets are arranged at an oblique angle \u03c9 with respect to a longitudinal axis of the contact zone, and wherein the oblique angle \u03c9 is greater than 90 degrees and is positive with respect to the longitudinal axes of the column of the first group of closed ended elongate pockets and negative with respect to the longitudinal axes of the column of the second group of closed ended elongate pockets.
15. The piston of claim 14 wherein each contact zone has a transverse axis generally perpendicular with a longitudinal axis, with each closed ended elongate pocket located in one of an upper left zone, an upper right zone, a lower left zone, and a lower right zone.
16. The piston of claim 14 wherein each contact zone has a transverse axis generally perpendicular with a longitudinal axis with each closed ended elongate pocket located in one of an upper left zone, an upper right zone, a lower left zone, and a lower right zone wherein a first end of each closed ended elongate pocket is an end located closer to the transverse axis and a second end of each closed ended elongate pocket is located farther away from the longitudinal axis.
17. The piston of claim 16 wherein the longitudinal axis of the contact zone is arranged coincident with a line joining high points on a surface of the skirt due to an oval shape of the piston and the transverse axis of the contact zone is arranged substantially coincident with a line joining high points on the surface of the skirt due to a barrel shape of the piston.
18. The piston of claim 14 wherein the contact zone has a central portion arranged longitudinally and the first group of closed ended elongate pockets is arranged on one side of the central portion.
19. A piston for reciprocating a cylinder, the piston having a skirt and a contact zone on each of thrust and anti-thrust sides of the skirt comprising:
a column of closed ended elongate pockets arranged on a first side of a longitudinal axis of each contact zone and a column of closed ended elongate pockets arranged on a second side of the longitudinal axis of each contact zone, the closed ended elongate pockets on the first side including longitudinal axes arranged at an acute angle \u03b8 with respect to a longitudinal axis of each contact zone at a location above a transverse axis of the piston, the closed ended elongate pockets on the second side having longitudinal axes arranged at the acute angle \u03b8 with respect to a longitudinal axis of the contact zone at a location above the transverse axis of the piston, the acute angle \u03b8 less than 90 degrees, the acute angle \u03b8 being positive for the closed ended elongate pockets on the first side, and the acute angle \u03b8 being negative for the closed ended elongate pockets on the second side, where each contact zone includes a central portion absent closed ended elongate pockets, and where the contact zone extends a length of the columns of closed ended elongate pockets.
20. The piston of claim 19 wherein each contact zone has a respective central portion where the column of closed ended elongate pockets arranged on the first side of the longitudinal axis of the contact zone and the column of closed ended elongate pockets arranged on the second side of the longitudinal axis of the contact zone are located outside the central portion, further comprising the closed ended elongate pockets on the column on the first side including longitudinal axes arranged at an oblique angle w with respect to the longitudinal axis of the contact zone at a first location below the transverse axis of the piston and the closed ended elongate pockets on the column on the second side including longitudinal axes arranged at the oblique angle \u03c9 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the contact zone at a second location below the transverse axis of the piston, the oblique angle w being positive for the column on the first side and negative for the column on the second side.