1. An electrochemical gas sensor for detecting an analyte in a gas sample, the electrochemical gas sensor comprising:
an electrolyte solution containing a mediator compound, said mediator compound being an acid compound, said acid compound containing either at least two acid groups or at least one hydroxyl group and at least one acid group;
a measuring electrode in said electrolyte solution, said measuring electrode containing carbon nanotubes; and
an auxiliary electrode in said electrolyte solution.
2. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a structure comprising one of a porous carrier, a nonwoven material or a diffusion membrane, wherein said carbon nanotubes are located on said structure.
3. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon nanotubes are put together by self-aggregation or by means of a binder.
4. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 3, wherein said binder is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
5. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon nanotubes are in the form of a film in the form of buckypaper.
6. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon nanotubes are in the form of single-wall carbon nanotubes with a layer thickness between 0.5 \u03bcm and 500 \u03bcm.
7. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon nanotubes are in the form of single-wall carbon nanotubes with a layer thickness between 10 \u03bcm to 50 \u03bcm.
8. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon nanotubes are in the form of multiwall carbon nanotubes with a layer thickness between 1 \u03bcm and 1,000 \u03bcm.
9. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon nanotubes are in the form of multiwall carbon nanotubes with a layer thickness between 50 \u03bcm and 150 \u03bcm.
10. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said auxiliary electrode consists of a precious metal.
11. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said auxiliary electrode comprises at least one of gold, platinum or iridium or carbon nanotubes.
12. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein a reference electrode is additionally present.
13. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein a protective electrode is arranged behind said measuring electrode.
14. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein molecular structures with catalytic activity or mediator properties are bound to said carbon nanotubes.
15. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 14, wherein said molecular structures contain transition metals like one of Fe, Ni, Co, or corresponding metal oxides.
16. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 14, wherein said molecular structures contain transition metal complexes including at least one of porphyrins or phthalocyanines.
17. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrolyte solution is present as an aqueous or organic electrolyte.
18. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 17, wherein said organic electrolyte solution is selected from the group of carbonates.
19. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 17, wherein said organic electrolyte solution comprises propylene carbonate mixed with ethylene carbonate andor higher carbonates.
20. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein the acid compound is a carboxylic acid.
21. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 20, wherein said carboxylic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid containing two or three carboxyl groups.
22. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 21, wherein said carboxyl groups comprise phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid.
23. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein acid compound is an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, especially citric acid.
24. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein the acid compound is gluconic acid.
25. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein the acid compound is boric acid.
26. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrolyte solution contains alkali or alkaline earth metal salts.
27. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 26, wherein said electrolyte solution contains LiCl.
28. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein water or organic solvents, ethylene andor propylene carbonate, are used as a solvent.
29. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein a transition metal salt is a copper salt or Cu2+ salt.
30. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with claim 29, wherein the Cu2+ salt is CuCl2 and the concentration of CuCl2 is between one of 0.1 mol and 1.0 mol, 0.5 mol in a 0.5-10-molar preferably 5-molar LiCl solution.
31. An electrochemical gas sensor in accordance with at least claim 1, wherein a transition metal salt is an iron salt or Fe3+ salt.
32. A method of electrochemical gas sensing, the method comprising:
providing an electrolyte solution containing a mediator compound, said mediator compound being an acid compound, said acid compound containing either at least two acid groups or at least one hydroxyl group and at least one acid group;
providing a measuring electrode in said electrolyte solution, said measuring electrode containing carbon nanotubes; and
providing an auxiliary electrode in said electrolyte solution.
33. A method of electrochemical gas sensing in accordance with claim 32, further comprising:
determining SO2 concentration in a gas wherein the electrolyte is or contains a chloride.
34. A method of electrochemical gas sensing in accordance with claim 32, further comprising;
determining H2S concentration in a gas wherein said electrolyte is or contains a chloride.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A multi-purpose beveller comprising:
a support holder coupled to a beveller and including a coupling aperture formed in a guide plate;
an adapter coupled to a power shaft of the beveller and including an insertion aperture formed in a center of the adapter;
a rotary cutter fixedly fitted into the insertion aperture; and
a beveling tool including an upper surface that faces both the guide plate and the rotary cutter, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a through aperture penetrating the beveling tool from the lower surface to the upper surface, the beveling tool being mounted to the guide plate by a screw that passes through the through aperture of the beveling tool and the coupling aperture of the guide plate, the beveling tool including two sides that form a right angle, the beveling tool further including support protrusions and an interference prevention unit,
wherein the support protrusions are formed secured to an inner surface of a cutter exposure aperture and an outer surface of the guide plate in a concentric circle shape on the top surface of the beveling tool and the interference prevention unit is located at the intersection of the two sides, and
wherein, at a front end of the intersection of the two sides, a round side is formed to protrude outwardly from a blade edge of a center part of the rotary cutter, such that an imaginary line extended from the blade edge in an axial direction of the rotary cutter, comes in contact with the upper surface of the beveling tool.
2. The multi-purpose beveller according to claim 1, wherein the rotary cutter includes a securing concave groove on the outer circumferential surface thereof, and a setscrew screw-coupled to the adapter through a tool aperture formed on a coupling end screw-coupled to the support holder is inserted and fixed at the securing concave groove.
3. The multi-purpose beveller according to claim 1, wherein, at an upper portion of the top of the adapter, a stopper pin passing through the insertion aperture is installed to restrict the insertion of the rotary cutter and maintain a regular position of the rotary cutter.
4. A multi-purpose beveller comprising:
a support holder coupled to a beveller and including a coupling aperture formed in a guide plate;
an adapter coupled to a power shaft of the beveller and including an insertion aperture formed in a center of the adapter;
a rotary cutter fixedly fitted into the insertion aperture; and
a beveling tool including an upper surface that faces both the guide plate and the rotary cutter, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a through aperture penetrating the beveling tool from the lower surface to the upper surface, the beveling tool being mounted to the guide plate by a screw that passes through the through aperture of the beveling tool and the coupling aperture of the guide plate, the beveling tool including two sides that form an acute angle, the beveling tool further including support protrusions and an interference prevention unit,
wherein the support protrusions are formed secured to an inner surface of a cutter exposure aperture and an outer surface of the guide plate in a concentric circle shape on the top surface of the beveling, and the interference prevention unit is located at the intersection of the two sides, and
wherein, at a front end of the intersection of the two sides, a round side is formed to protrude outwardly from a blade edge of a center part of the rotary cutter, such that an imaginary line extended from the blade edge in an axial direction of the rotary cutter, comes in contact with the upper surface of the beveling tool.
5. The multi-purpose beveller according to claim 4, wherein the rotary cutter includes a securing concave groove on the outer circumferential surface thereof, and a setscrew screw-coupled to the adapter through a tool aperture formed on a coupling end screw-coupled to the support holder is inserted and fixed at the securing concave groove.
6. The multi-purpose beveller according to claim 4, wherein, at an upper portion of the top of the adapter, a stopper pin passing through the insertion aperture is installed to restrict the insertion of the rotary cutter and maintain a regular position of the rotary cutter.
7. A multi-purpose beveller comprising:
a support holder connected to a top of a desk-type beveller and including a coupling aperture formed in a guide plate;
an adapter formed at an upper part of a power shaft of the desk-type beveller and including an insertion aperture formed in a center of the adapter;
a rotary cutter fixedly fitted into the insertion aperture; and
a beveling tool including an upper surface that faces both the guide plate and the rotary cutter, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a through aperture penetrating the beveling tool from the lower surface to the upper surface, the beveling tool being mounted to the guide plate by a screw that passes through the through aperture of the beveling tool and the coupling aperture of the guide plate, the beveling tool including two sides that form an acute angle, the beveling tool further including support protrusions and an interference prevention unit,
wherein the support protrusions are formed secured to an inner surface of a cutter exposure aperture and an outer surface of the guide plate in a concentric circle shape on the bottom surface of the beveling tool, and the interference prevention unit is located at the intersection of the two sides, and
wherein, at a front end of the intersection of the two sides, a round side is formed to protrude outwardly from a blade edge of a center part of the rotary cutter, such that an imaginary line extended from the blade edge in an axial direction of the rotary cutter, comes in contact with the upper surface of the beveling tool.