1. A computer-implemented method for verifying a RAIMECC design using a hierarchical error injection scheme, the method comprising:
selecting marks for generating an error mask, the marks corresponding to at least one of: a marked channel and at least one marked chip;
selecting a fixed bit flip mask based on the selected marks;
determining that errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip;
randomly injecting, by a computer, errors into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip based on the determining that the errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip, the injecting based on at least one of the fixed bit flip mask and a random bit flip mask;
determining that errors should be injected into an unmarked chip; and
based on the determining that errors should be injected into an unmarked chip:
selecting an unmarked channel;
selecting an unmarked chip from the unmarked channel; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the selected unmarked chip.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to inject a special uncorrectable error based determining that errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the randomly injecting errors into the marked channel comprises:
selecting a chip mask to control which chips within the marked channel are to be injected with errors; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for each chip within the marked channel to be injected with errors.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the randomly injecting errors into the at least one marked chip comprises:
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the at least one marked chip.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips on different channels;
and
determining whether to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips from a same channel.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein based on determining to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips on different channels, the method further comprises:
selecting at least two unmarked channels;
selecting one unmarked chip from each of the at least two unmarked channels selected; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the selected unmarked chips.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein based on determining to inject errors into multiple chips from a same channel, the method further comprises:
selecting one unmarked channel;
selecting at least two unmarked chips from the unmarked channel; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for each of the at least two unmarked chips.
8. A computer-program product for verifying a RAIMECC design using a hierarchical error injection scheme, the computer program product comprising:
a tangible storage medium readable by a processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by the processing circuit for performing a method comprising:
selecting marks for generating an error mask, the marks corresponding to at least one of: a marked channel and at least one marked chip;
selecting a fixed flip bit mask based on the selected marks;
determining that errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip; and
randomly injecting errors into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip based on the determining that the errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip, the injecting based on at least one of the fixed bit flip mask and a random bit flip mask;
determining that errors should be injected into an unmarked chip; and
based on the determining that errors should be injected into an unmarked chip:
selecting an unmarked channel;
selecting an unmarked chip from the unmarked channel; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the selected unmarked chip.
9. The computer-program product of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether to inject a special uncorrectable error based upon determining that errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip.
10. The computer-program product of claim 8, wherein the randomly injecting errors into the marked channel comprises:
selecting a chip mask to control which chips within the marked channel are to be injected with errors; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for each chip within the marked channel to be injected with errors.
11. The computer-program product of claim 8, wherein the randomly injecting errors into the at least one marked chip comprises:
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the at least one marked chip.
12. The computer-program product of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips on different channels;
and
determining whether to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips from a same channel.
13. The computer-program product of claim 12, wherein based on determining to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips on different channels, the method further comprises:
selecting at least two unmarked channels;
selecting one unmarked chip from each of the at least two unmarked channels selected; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the selected unmarked chips.
14. The computer-program product of claim 12, wherein based on determining to inject errors into multiple chips from the same channel, the method further comprises:
selecting one unmarked channel;
selecting at least two unmarked chips from the unmarked channel; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for each of the at least two unmarked chips.
15. A system for verifying a RAIMECC design using a hierarchical error injection scheme, the system comprising:
a processor coupled with a controller;
the system configured to perform a method, the method comprising:
selecting marks for generating an error mask, the marks corresponding to at least on of: a marked channel and at least one marked chip;
selecting a fixed bit flip mask based on the selected marks;
determining that errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip
randomly injecting errors into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip based on the determining that the errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip, the injecting based on at least one of the fixed bit flip mask and a random bit flip mask;
determining that errors should be injected into an unmarked chip; and
based on the determining that errors should be injected into an unmarked chip:
selecting an unmarked channel;
selecting an unmarked chip from the unmarked channel; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the selected unmarked chip.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether to inject a special uncorrectable error based on determining that errors should be injected into the at least one of the marked channel and the at least one marked chip.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the randomly injecting errors into the marked channel comprises:
selecting a chip mask to control which chips within the marked channel are to be injected with errors; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for each chip within the marked channel to be injected with errors.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the randomly injecting errors into the at least one marked chip comprises:
select the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the at least one marked chip.
19. The system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
determining whether to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips on different channels;
and
determining whether to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips from a same channel.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein based on determining to inject errors into multiple unmarked chips on different channels, the method further comprises:
selecting at least two unmarked channels;
selecting one unmarked chip from each of the at least two unmarked channels selected; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for the selected unmarked chips.
21. The system of claim 19, wherein based on determining to inject errors into multiple chips from a same channel, the method further comprises:
selecting one unmarked channel;
selecting at least two unmarked chips from the unmarked channel; and
selecting the random bit flip mask or the fixed bit flip mask for each of the at least two unmarked chips.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A tissue apposition device, comprising:
an elongate member having at least one expandable element coupled thereto; and
a positioning element coupled to the elongate member and adapted to axially move the at least one expandable element relative to the elongate member;
wherein at least one of the positioning element and the at least one expandable element is adapted to change dimensionally upon delivery of electrical energy thereto.
2. The tissue apposition device of claim 1, wherein the positioning element is adapted to contract axially when electrical energy is delivered thereto.
3. The tissue apposition device of claim 1, wherein the at least one expandable element is adapted to expand radially when electrical energy is delivered thereto.
4. The tissue apposition device of claim 1, wherein the elongate member includes a fixed portion and a moveable portion moveably coupled to the fixed portion, and the at least one expandable element is coupled to the moveable portion.
5. The tissue apposition device of claim 4, wherein the moveable portion is slidably disposed within an inner lumen formed in at least a portion of the fixed portion.
6. The tissue apposition device of claim 4, wherein positioning element is coupled to and extends between the fixed portion and the moveable portion of the elongate member.
7. The tissue apposition device of claim 4, wherein the positioning element comprises an electroactive polymer cord.
8. The tissue apposition device of claim 7, wherein the electroactive polymer cord comprises a flexible conductive outer shell having an electroactive polymer and an ionic fluid disposed therein.
9. The tissue apposition device of claim 7, wherein the electroactive polymer cord comprises an electroactive polymer composite having at least one flexible conductive layer, an electroactive polymer layer, and an ionic gel layer.
10. The tissue apposition device of claim 4, wherein the moveable portion and the fixed portion are moveably coupled to one another by a flexible portion of the elongate member.
11. The tissue apposition device of claim 10, wherein the positioning element extends along a length of the flexible portion of the elongate member and is adapted to axially contract the flexible portion upon energy delivery thereto to axially move the first expandable element relative to the elongate member.
12. The tissue apposition device of claim 4, wherein the expandable element comprises a first expandable element, and a second expandable element is disposed on the fixed portion of the elongate member and spaced apart from the first expandable element.
13. The tissue apposition device of claim 3, wherein the at least one expandable element comprises an electroactive polymer composite having at least one flexible conductive layer, an electroactive polymer layer, and an ionic gel layer.
14. A tissue apposition device, comprising:
an elongate member;
at least one electrically actuatable expandable element coupled to the elongate member and adapted to engage tissue and
an electrically actuatable positioning element coupled to the elongate member and adapted to axially move the at least one electrically expandable element relative to the elongate member.
15. The tissue apposition device of claim 14, wherein the electrically actuatable expandable element and the electrically actuatable positioning element each comprise an electroactive polymer actuator.
16. The tissue apposition device of claim 14, wherein the at least one electrically actuatable expandable element comprises first and second electrically actuatable expandable elements coupled to the elongate shaft and spaced a distance apart from one another, the electrically actuatable positioning element being adapted to move the first and second electrically actuatable expandable elements toward one another.
17. The tissue apposition device of claim 14, wherein the electrically actuatable positioning element extends between a fixed portion and a moveable portion of the elongate member, and the electrically actuatable expandable element is coupled to the moveable portion.
18. A method for positioning tissues in apposition to each other, comprising:
inserting an elongate shaft through a first tissue and a second tissue; and
electrically actuating at least one electroactive polymer actuator coupled to the elongate shaft to engage and move the second tissue toward the first tissue.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one electroactive polymer actuator comprises a first electroactive polymer actuator that radially expands when electrically actuated to engage the second tissue, and a second electroactive polymer actuator that axially contracts when electrically actuated to move the first electroactive polymer actuator and the second tissue toward the first tissue.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second electroactive polymer actuator is coupled to a moveable portion of the elongate shaft and electrically actuating the second electroactive polymer actuator slides the moveable portion relative to a fixed portion of the elongate shaft.
21. The method of claim 18, further comprising electrically expanding a second expandable element coupled to the elongate shaft to engage the first tissue.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the first electroactive polymer actuator is electrically actuated to a preselected size.