1. A method for reducing the risk of the development of a hormone-associated cancer in a female subject undergoing hormone replacement therapy, consisting essentially of:
(i) administering to said subject a hormone selected from the group consisting of natural steroidal estrogens, progestins, and nonsteroidal estrogens (phytoestrogens) derived from higher plants, as well as synthetic analogs thereof, and mixtures thereof; and
(ii) administering to said subject a mixture of cartenoids comprising phytoene and consisting of at least one additional carotenoid selected from the group consisting of lycopene and phytofluene,
wherein said mixture of cartenoids is administered in an amount sufficient to prevent in said subject an increase in cell proliferation rate which would otherwise be stimulated by the hormone replacement therapy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering of said hormone is by oral ingestion, dermal, vaginal, intrauterine, intramuscular or intravenous injection.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering of said carotenoid is by oral ingestion, dermal, vaginal, intrauterine, intramuscular or intravenous injection.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hormone is co-administered with the carotenoid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carotenoid is administered in a composition separate from the hormone.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the carotenoid is administered in a composition comprising the hormone.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hormone is a steroidal estrogen selected from the group consisting of estradiol, estrone, estriol and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hormone is a progestin selected from the group consisting of progererstone, medroxyprogesterone, norethindrone, norethisterone, norgestrel, synthetic equivalents, chemically modified derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the hormone is a phytoestrogen selected from the group consisting of soy protein isoflavones, flavones, as well as the glucoside, malonylglucoside and acetylglucoside derivatives, synthetic equivalents, chemically modified derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the hormone is a phytoestrogen selected from the group consisting of daidzein, genistein, and glycitein.
11. The method of claims 1, wherein the mixture of carotenoids comprises both lycopene and phytoene.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture of carotenoids comprises lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the carotenoid is administered in an amount of about 2 mg to about 10 mg per day, thereby producing a serum concentration of the carotenoid of up to 1.5 \u03bcM.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the carotenoid is administered in an amount of about 2 mg to about 6 mg per day.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the carotenoid is administered in an amount of about 2 mg per day.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the hormone-associated cancer is endometrial or mammary cancer, and the female subject undergoing hormone replacement therapy is a female at risk of development of endometrial or mammary cancer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A signal transmitting apparatus, comprising: a modulator for modulating an electrical signal; a first electrode connected to said modulator; means for bringing said first electrode into direct or electrostatic contact with an electrically conductive liquid; a second electrode for making direct or electrostatic contact using said liquid as a medium; and demodulation means connected to said second electrode, characterized in that the signal is propagated through the liquid.
2. A signal transmitting apparatus, comprising: a modulatordemodulator for modulating and demodulating an electrical signal; a first electrode connected to said modulatordemodulator; means for bringing said first electrode into direct or electrostatic contact with an electrically conductive liquid; a second electrode for making direct or electrostatic contact using said liquid as a medium; and modulationdemodulation means connected to said second electrode, characterized in that the signal is propagated through the liquid, and in that communications is two-way.
3. The signal transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of receiving sides are present, and simultaneous reception of a plurality of signals is made possible.
4. The signal transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of transmitting sides are present, the transmitting sides perform time-division transmission, and a receiving side is made capable of simultaneously receiving a plurality of signals.
5. A liquid container characterized by comprising signal generating means; a modulator for modulating an electrical signal from said signal generating means; an electrode connected to said modulator; and a container body for supporting said electrode.
6. A liquid container characterized by comprising a container body; an electrode supported by the container body; a demodulator for demodulating a modulated signal supplied to the electrode; and means for processing the demodulated electrical signal.
7. A liquid container characterized by comprising signal generating means; a modulator for modulating an electrical signal from said signal generating means; an electrode connected to said modulator; a container body for supporting said electrode; a demodulator for demodulating a modulated signal externally supplied to said electrode; and means for processing the demodulated electrical signal.
8. A signal transmitting method for exchanging a liquid between a first liquid container comprising signal generating means, a modulator for modulating an electrical signal from said signal generating means, a first electrode connected to said modulator, and a first container body for supporting said first electrode, and a second liquid container comprising a second container body, a second electrode supported by said second container body, a demodulator for demodulating the modulated signal supplied to the second electrode, and means for processing the demodulated electrical signal, whereby a signal is transmitted from said first liquid container to said second liquid container.
9. The signal transmitting method according to claim 8, wherein said first liquid container further comprises a demodulator for demodulating a modulated signal externally supplied to said first electrode and means for processing the demodulated electrical signal, and said second liquid container further comprises signal generating means and a modulator for modulating and supplying to said second electrode an electrode signal from said signal generating means, whereby a signal is transmitted from said second liquid container to said first liquid container.