Author: claimsbot

1. A disposable syringe comprising:
a needle cannula;
a tubular needle seat including a front hub portion which is disposed to fix said needle cannula therein, a gripped portion which extends from said front hub portion in a longitudinal direction, and a rear anchoring portion which is disposed opposite to said front hub portion in the longitudinal direction;
a barrel having an inner surrounding barrel surface which surrounds an axis in the longitudinal direction and which defines a passage therein, said passage having rearward and forward openings which are disposed opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction, said inner surrounding barrel surface including a larger-diameter portion and a smaller-diameter portion which are disposed proximate to said rearward and forward openings, respectively, said larger-diameter portion having a retaining area which is spaced apart from said smaller-diameter portion in the longitudinal direction, said smaller-diameter portion including a retaining region which is disposed proximate to said larger-diameter portion and which is configured to retain said front hub portion thereat when said needle seat is in a position of use, and a friction diminishing region which extends from said retaining region toward said forward opening and which terminates at a shoulder abutment, said shoulder
abutment defining a communicating hole which permits passage of said needle cannula therethrough, and being spaced apart from said front hub portion along the axis in the position of use;
a tubular grip member which, in the position of use, is disposed to bring said gripped portion into engagement with said retaining area by virtue of a first frictional force generated therebetween;
a tubular plunger which is disposed to be movable in said passage along said larger-diameter portion, said plunger having a front opened end wall which is movable to abut against said grip member, a rear opened end wall which is disposed opposite to said front opened end wall and which extends outwardly of said rearward opening so as to be manually operable, and an intermediate surrounding wall which is interposed between said front and rear opened end walls and which defines an accommodation chamber;
a coupling member having a surrounding retained portion which surrounds the axis and which is disposed in said accommodation chamber to be in frictional engagement with said intermediate surrounding wall by virtue of a second frictional force, and an anchored portion which is disposed adjacent to said front opened end wall in the position of user which confronts said rear anchoring portion, and which is engageable with said rear anchoring portion by a holding force when said coupling member is moved forwardly towards said forward opening such that, when said grip member is pushed forward by virtue of forward movement of said plunger against the first frictional force to cause said front hub portion to move past said friction diminishing region to abut against said shoulder abutment, a pushing force subsequently applied to said plunger causes said anchored portion to rub against said rear anchoring portion, which remains unmoved in place due to engagement of said front hub portion with said shoulder abutment, so that said anchored portion is engaged with said rear anchoring portion and is moved relative to said intermediate surrounding wall towards said rear opened end wall so as to release said surrounding retained portion from said intermediate surrounding wall, thereby enabling said anchored portion to be moved from the position of use to a retracted position where said anchored portion is disposed closer to said rear opened end wall and where said needle seat and said needle cannula are received in said accommodation chamber; and
a biasing member disposed to bias said anchored portion towards the retracted position.
2. The disposable syringe of claim 1, wherein said passage at said friction diminishing region has a diameter larger than that of said passage at said retaining region.
3. The disposable syringe of claim 1, wherein said tubular needle seat is in form of a metal tube which includes
a front segment to serve as said front hub portion, and a rear segment that is opposite to said front segment in the longitudinal direction and that has outer and inner segment surfaces opposite to each other in radial directions relative to the axis, said outer and inner segment surfaces being configured to serve as said gripped portion and said rear anchoring portion, respectively.
4. The disposable syringe of claim 1, wherein said intermediate surrounding wall of said tubular plunger has a smaller front segment and a larger rear segment disposed proximate to said front and rear opened end walls, respectively, and an enlarged terminal segment disposed between said larger rear segment and said rear opened end wall.
5. The disposable syringe of claim 4, wherein said enlarged terminal segment has a vent hole in fluid communication with the ambient atmosphere.
6. The disposable syringe of claim 5, wherein said coupling member has a shank portion which extends from said surrounding retained portion distal from said anchored portion, said biasing member including a coiled spring
which has a front spring end that engages said shank portion, and a rear spring end that is retained to said rear opened end wall such that said coiled spring is tensioned when said surrounding retained portion is in frictional engagement with said intermediate surrounding wall by virtue of the second frictional force.
7. The disposable syringe of claim 6, wherein said larger rear segment has an annular rib which is disposed thereon proximate to said rear opened end wall, said rear spring end of said coiled spring being retained by said annular rib.
8. The disposable syringe of claim 5, wherein said coupling member has a shank portion which is interposed between said anchored portion and said surrounding retained portion, said intermediate surrounding wall and said shank portion respectively having an annular shoulder and a flange which are respectively proximate to said front opened end wall and distal from said anchored portion and which are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction so as to define a biasing member receiving space therebetween, said biasing member being a coiled spring which has front and rear spring ends abutting against said annular shoulder and said flange, respectively, such that said coiled spring is compressed when said surrounding retained portion is in frictional engagement with said intermediate surrounding wall by virtue of the second frictional force.
9. The disposable syringe of claim 1, wherein said rear anchoring portion extends rearwardly from said gripped portion along the axis, said anchored portion having an engaging recess which is configured to grip said rear anchoring portion with the holding force when said needle seat is to be placed in the retracted position.
10. The disposable syringe of claim 1, further comprising an end cap disposed to cover said rear opened end wall, and a seal ring member which is disposed to establish fluid-tight engagement between said end cap and said rear opened end wall.
11. The disposable syringe of claim 10, wherein said biasing member includes a fluid which is contained in said accommodation chamber at a reduced pressure, and a sealing member which is configured to provide a sealing between said coupling member and said intermediate surrounding wall so as to trap said fluid in said accommodation chamber such that when said surrounding retained portion is released from said intermediate surrounding wall, said anchored portion is suctioned to the retracted position due to a pressure difference between the ambient atmosphere and the reduced pressure.
12. The disposable syringe of claim 11 wherein said sealing member extends in the longitudinal direction to terminate at a rear end wall which is disposed rearwardly of said coupling member and which has a central recess extending inwardly and along the axis so as to enhance deformability of said rear end wall in radial directions, thereby enhancing sealing attachment of said sealing member with said intermediate surrounding wall.
13. The disposable syringe of claim 11, wherein said coupling member has a shank portion extending rearwardly from said surrounding retained portion to terminate at an enlarged head portion, said sealing member being sleeved on said shank portion and being interposed between said head portion and said surrounding retained portion so as to be deformed radially for enhancing sealing attachment of said sealing member with said intermediate surrounding wall.
14. The disposable syringe of claim 11, wherein said sealing member surrounds the axis, and is formed integrally with said coupling member.
15. The disposable syringe of claim 11, wherein said sealing member is formed integrally with said coupling member, is made from a deformable material, and surrounds said anchored portion, said coupling member having an annular front edge which is slidable on and is in fluid-tight engagement with said larger-diameter portion of said inner surrounding barrel surface.
16. The disposable syringe of claim 1, further comprising a sealing unit which is in fluid-tight engagement with said friction diminishing region, said tubular grip member being formed with a deformable sealing portion which is in fluid-tight engagement with said gripped portion of said needle seat so as to form a fluid-tight compressible chamber, said compressible chamber being filled with a fluid, said front hub portion of said needle seat having a plurality of through holes formed therethrough so as to be in fluid communication with said compressible chamber, such that when said tubular grip member is pushed forwardly by virtue of forward movement of said plunger to move said front hub portion past said friction diminishing region, said fluid in said compressible chamber is squeezed through said through holes, thereby generating a pressure force in the longitudinal direction that depresses said surrounding gripped portion rearwardly to help thrust said anchored portion to the retracted position.
17. The disposable syringe of claim 1, wherein said inner surrouding barrel surface of said barrel further includes an annular shoulder disposed between said larger-diameter portion and said smaller-diameter portion, and a plurality of ribs formed on said annular shoulder.
18. The disposable syringe of claim 1, wherein said coupling member further has a retained shank portion which is disposed between said surrounding retained portion and said anchored portion and which extends in said accommodation chamber at said smaller front segment so at to stabilize said coupling member at said smaller front segment.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of operating a wireless subscriber radio unit in a wireless communication system, wherein the wireless communication system includes a wireless subscriber radio unit and a base station, and wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit is registered with the base station, the method comprising:
transmitting from the wireless subscriber radio unit an explicit message requesting to be provided an allocation of uplink (UL) bandwidth in which to transmit a bandwidth request;
receiving at the wireless subscriber radio unit an allocation of UL bandwidth in which to transmit a bandwidth request, the allocation received in response to the transmitted explicit message;
transmitting from the wireless subscriber radio unit the bandwidth request within the allocation of UL bandwidth, the bandwidth request specifying a requested UL bandwidth allocation;
receiving at the wireless subscriber radio unit an UL bandwidth grant for the wireless subscriber radio unit, the UL bandwidth grant received in response to the bandwidth request; and
allocating the received UL bandwidth grant to the one or more UL connections based on QoS priority.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit maintains one or more queues, each queue for grouping data pertaining to connections with similar QoS.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bandwidth request pertains to a connection.
4. A method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising allocating the UL bandwidth grant to at least two of the plurality of UL connections at the wireless subscriber radio unit.
5. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit allocates the UL bandwidth grant to the UL connections further based on an additional communication parameter associated with each UL connection established at the wireless subscriber radio unit.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the additional communication parameter includes an information rate assigned to the UL connections.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the QoS parameter is the UL connection priority.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bandwidth request is transmitted by the wireless subscriber radio unit within UL bandwidth specifically allocated to the wireless subscriber radio unit for the bandwidth request.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit contends with other wireless subscriber radio units for transmitting the bandwidth request within UL bandwidth specifically allocated to a group of wireless subscriber radio units for bandwidth requests.
10. A method of allocating uplink (UL) bandwidth on demand in a wireless subscriber radio unit, the wireless communication system including a wireless subscriber radio unit and a base station, and wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit is registered with and communicating with the base station, the method comprising:
determining a required amount of UL bandwidth for a UL connection at the wireless subscriber radio unit, wherein the UL connection has an associated quality of service (QoS);
transmitting from the wireless subscriber radio unit an explicit message to the base station requesting to be provided an allocation of UL bandwidth in which to transmit a bandwidth request;
receiving at the wireless subscriber radio unit the allocation of UL bandwidth in which to transmit the bandwidth request;
transmitting the bandwidth request indicative of the required amount of UL bandwidth for the UL connection to the base station;
receiving from the base station an UL bandwidth grant for the wireless subscriber radio unit; and
allocating, at the wireless subscriber radio unit, the UL bandwidth grant to one or more of a plurality of connections at the wireless subscriber radio unit;
wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit allocates the UL bandwidth grant to the one or more of the plurality of connections based on QoS connection priority.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit allocates the UL bandwidth grant further based on an additional communication parameter associated with the one or more of the plurality of connections.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the communication parameter includes an information rate parameter.
13. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit maintains one or more queues, each queue for grouping data pertaining to connections with similar QoS.
14. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bandwidth request is transmitted by the wireless subscriber radio unit within UL bandwidth specifically allocated to the wireless subscriber radio unit for the bandwidth request.
15. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the wireless subscriber radio unit contends with other wireless subscriber radio units for transmitting the bandwidth request within UL bandwidth specifically allocated to a group of wireless subscriber radio units for the bandwidth request.
16. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bandwidth request is transmitted by the wireless subscriber radio unit within UL bandwidth already allocated to the wireless subscriber radio unit for UL traffic.
17. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bandwidth request is transmitted by the wireless subscriber radio unit in unused UL bandwidth allocated to the wireless subscriber radio unit.

1. An internal combustion engine, comprising:
a first piston system including:
an engine block;
a cylinder through the engine block;
a piston with piston rings, disposed within the cylinder, the piston including a cavity therein the underside;
a stump member, disposed within the cylinder and sized to be received by the cavity therein the underside of the piston, and having a bore through the center to a direction of travel of the piston;
a connecting rod, with a first end in direct communication with piston, and a second end in direct communication with the crankshaft;
a first combustion chamber within the cylinder defined between the piston, the cylinder, and an upper engine head;
a second combustion chamber within the cylinder defined between the piston, the cylinder, the stump member, and a cylinder floor;
an inlet port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to a direction of travel of the piston;
an outlet port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston;
a sparkplugfuel injector port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston;
a plurality of multiple heads including:
a plurality of inlet ports and outlet ports;
a plurality of valves, valve springs, valve stem guides, and retainer locks;
an engine head attached to the top of engine block with valves in the direction of piston travel, and in direct communication with first combustion chamber system;
an engine side rackside head, attached to side of an engine block; having recessed valve seats, recessed valves, and in direct communication with second combustion chamber system;
an engine side rackside head, having inlet valve ports and outlet valve ports, in direct communication with inlet ports and outlet ports disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston; and
an engine side rackside head, with an spark plugfuel injector orifice port, in direct communication with spark plugfuel injector orifice port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston.
2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, further comprising:
a first camshaft in mechanical communication with the valves of the first combustion chamber system;
a second camshaft in mechanical communication with the valves of the second combustion chamber system;
the first piston system in communication with the valves of the first combustion chamber system;
a second piston system in communication with the valves of the second combustion chamber system and substantially identical to the first piston system; and
a distributor system, including:
a distributor; and
a spark plug wire, having:
a first end coupled to the distributor;
a second end in direct electrical communication with the first end and in communication with the first combustion chamber system; and
a third end in direct electrical communication with the first end and in communication with the second combustion chamber system.
3. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, comprising of multiple configurations wherein: the engine block is of a V-configuration or the engine block is of an L-configuration.
4. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein having: a plurality of dual unified plumbing systems, comprising:
a first unified plumbing system, having:
an intake plumbing system in direct communication with the first combustion chamber system inlet port and the second combustion chamber system inlet port; and
a second unified plumbing system, having:
an exhaust plumbing system in direct communication with the first combustion chamber system outlet port and the second combustion chamber system outlet port.
5. An internal combustion engine, consisting essentially of:
a first piston system including:
an engine block;
a cylinder through the engine block;
a piston with piston rings, disposed within the cylinder, the piston including a cavity therein the underside;
a stump member, disposed within the cylinder and sized to be received by the cavity therein the underside of the piston, and having a bore through the center to a direction of travel of the piston;
a connecting rod, with a first end in direct communication with piston, and a second end in direct communication with the crankshaft;
a first combustion chamber within the cylinder defined between the piston, the cylinder, and an upper engine head;
a second combustion chamber within the cylinder defined between the piston, the cylinder, the stump member, and a cylinder floor;
an inlet port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to a direction of travel of the piston;
an outlet port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston;
a sparkplugfuel injector port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston; and
a plurality of multiple heads including:
a plurality of inlet ports and outlet ports;
a plurality of valves, valve springs, valve stem guides, and retainer locks;
an engine head attached to the top of engine block with valves in the direction of piston travel, and in direct communication with first combustion chamber system;
an engine side rackside head, attached to side of an engine block; having recessed valve seats, recessed valves, and in direct communication with second combustion chamber system;
an engine side rackside head, having inlet valve ports and outlet valve ports, in direct communication with inlet ports and outlet ports disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston;
an engine side rackside head, with an spark plugfuel injector orifice port, in direct communication with spark plugfuel injector orifice port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston;
a first camshaft in mechanical communication with the valves of the first combustion chamber system;
a second camshaft in mechanical communication with the valves of the second combustion chamber system;
a first piston system in communication with the valves of the first combustion chamber system;
a second piston system in communication with the valves of the second combustion chamber system, and substantially identical to the first piston system; and
a distributor system, including:
a distributor; and
a spark plug wire, having:
a first end coupled to the distributor;
a second end in direct electrical communication with the first end and in communication with the first combustion chamber system; and
a third end in direct electrical communication with the first end and in communication with the second combustion chamber system.
6. The internal combustion engine of claim 5, comprising of multiple configurations wherein: the engine block is of a V-configuration or the engine block is of an L-configuration.
7. The internal combustion engine of claim 6, wherein having: a plurality of dual unified plumbing systems, comprising:
a first unified plumbing system, having:
an intake plumbing system in direct communication with the first combustion chamber system inlet port and the second combustion chamber system inlet port; and
a second unified plumbing system, having:
an exhaust plumbing system in direct communication with the first combustion chamber system outlet port and the second combustion chamber system outlet port.
8. An internal combustion engine, comprising: a first piston system including: an engine block;
a cylinder through the engine block;
a piston disposed within the cylinder, the piston including a cavity therein;
a stump member disposed within the cylinder and sized to be received by the cavity;
a first combustion chamber within the cylinder defined between the piston and the cylinder;
a second combustion chamber within the cylinder defined between the piston, the stump member, and the cylinder when the stump member is disposed within the cavity;
an inlet port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to a direction of travel of the piston; and
an outlet port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston;
a plurality of multiple heads including:
a plurality of inlet ports and outlet ports;
plurality of valves, valve springs, valve stem guides, and retainer locks; an engine head attached to the top of engine block with valves in the direction of piston travel, and in direct communication with first combustion chamber system;
an engine side rackside head, attached to side of an engine block; having recessed valve seats, recessed valves, and in direct communication with second combustion chamber system;
an engine side rackside head, having inlet valve ports and outlet valve ports, in direct communication with inlet ports and outlet ports disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston; and
an engine side rackside head, with an spark plugfuel injector orifice port, in direct communication with spark plugfuel injector orifice port disposed through the engine block orthogonal to the direction of travel of the piston.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for detecting an analyte in a medium, comprising the steps of:
(i) anchoring a multiplicity of ligands to the analyte to a population of fluorophore-conjugated microspheroidal particles comprising melamine formaldehyde;
(ii) contacting the microspheroidal particles with a negative control sample and determining a baseline spectrum;
(iii) contacting the microspheroidal particles with a sample putatively comprising the analyte for a time and under conditions sufficient to facilitate a binding event between the analyte and its respective ligand; and
(iv) subjecting the microspheroidal particles to a whispering gallery modes (WGM)-based assay using a fixed excitation position determined to produce increased peak variation relative to other excitation positions to detect a binding event.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the micro spheroidal particles are selected to have a higher refractive index relative to the medium in which the detection occurs.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the microspheroidal particle has a refractive index greater than 1.40.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the medium is a liquid or gas phase.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the liquid phase is an aqueous solution, buffer or biological fluid and the gas phase is air.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyte or its respective ligand comprise a molecule selected from the group consisting of: nucleic acid; protein; peptide; antibody; lipid; carbohydrate; bacterium; virus; cell and a small molecule or chemical entity.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the analyte or its respective ligand comprise a nucleic acid.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the nucleic acid comprises single-stranded DNA.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the single-stranded DNA is prepared by digesting double-stranded DNA with a restriction endonuclease andor an exonuclease.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the restriction endonuclease is a Type 1 restriction endonuclease.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the exonuclease is a lambda exonuclease.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the single-stranded DNA is prepared from an RNA:DNA hybrid molecule.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the RNA:DNA hybrid molecule comprises DNA hybridized to messenger RNA prepared by reverse transcription.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the RNA is viral RNA.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyte or ligand is derived from an isolated sample obtained from a biological, industrial, laboratory or environmental source.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the sample comprises material of mineral, synthetic, eukaryotic, prokaryotic or viral origin.
17. A method for detecting a binding event between an analyte and a ligand, comprising performing the steps of the method for detecting an analyte in a medium according to claim 1, wherein a change in a WGM profile of the fluorophore upon contacting the microspheroidal particle with the sample putatively comprising the analyte is indicative of a binding event between the analyte and the ligand.